{"id":12688,"date":"2026-09-01T23:21:22","date_gmt":"2026-09-01T23:21:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/?p=12688"},"modified":"2026-09-02T04:07:15","modified_gmt":"2026-09-02T04:07:15","slug":"earthquake-report-m-7-5-venezuela","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/?p=12688","title":{"rendered":"Earthquake Report: M 7.5 Venezuela"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>I have been quite busy doing some fault trenching in northern California (in the region of the Mendocino triple junction) and have been at a few workshops and meetings. SO, I have been trying to catch up on these Earthquake Reports. <\/p>\n<p>In June 2026, while I was getting mud beneath my fingernails in the trench, there was a pair of earthquakes in northern Venezuela. These earthquakes happened less than a minute apart! 33 seconds to be more precise. It must have been quite frightening to experience that! (I have been in an M 7.2 earthquake but a M 7.5 earthquake is much larger!) The M 7.5 hit while the shaking from the M 7.2 was still happening.<\/p>\n<ol>\nIn the order of occurrence: <\/p>\n<li>2026.06.24 <a href=\"https:\/\/earthquake.usgs.gov\/earthquakes\/eventpage\/us6000t7zc\/executive\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">22:04:31 (UTC) M 7.2<\/a><\/li>\n<li>2026.06.24 <a href=\"https:\/\/earthquake.usgs.gov\/earthquakes\/eventpage\/us6000t7zp\/executive\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">22:05:04 (UTC) M 7.5<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>The tectonics from this part of the world is dominated by a strike-slip plate boundary, where the Caribbean plate moves East relative to the South America plate. <\/p>\n<p>This right-lateral strike-slip plate boundary fault (right-lateral because, when looking across the fault, the plate on the other side of the fault moves to the right) has had many smaller sized strike-slip faults in the past century. <\/p>\n<p>Many of them in the M 6 range.= but there were some M 7-7.3 earthquakes in 1997 and <a href=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/?p=7657\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">2018<\/a><\/p>\n<p>The Earthquake Engineering Research Institute has an Earthquake Clearinghouse website online with some materials about this earthquake. EERI and other organizations often send teams to regions following large earthquakes and tsunami to document the damage. They mostly look for how these earthquakes and tsunami damage the built environment. See the section below for links to EERI resources.<\/p>\n<p>There was a small tsunami generated by this earthquake sequence. However, the only tide gage online has a small tsunami record as the gage is at a large distance from the earthquake.<\/p>\n<p>I will review the tectonic setting below the interpretive poster. Please look at the social media posts to learn more about this earthquake as these observations were presented in a real time learning event.<\/p>\n<p><H2><font color=\"orange\">Below is my interpretive poster for this earthquake<\/font><\/H2><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>I plot the seismicity from the past month, with diameter representing magnitude (see legend). I include earthquake epicenters from 1925-2025 with magnitudes M \u2265 3.0 in one version. <\/li>\n<li>I plot the USGS fault plane solutions (moment tensors in blue and focal mechanisms in orange), possibly in addition to some relevant historic earthquakes. <\/li>\n<li>A review of the basic base map variations and data that I use for the interpretive posters can be found on the <a href=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/?page_id=3218\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Earthquake Reports page<\/a>. I have improved these posters over time and some of this background information applies to the older posters.<\/li>\n<li>Some basic fundamentals of earthquake geology and plate tectonics can be found on the <a href=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/?page_id=8202\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">Earthquake Plate Tectonic Fundamentals page<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<H3><font color=\"orange\">I include some inset figures. Some of the same figures are located in different places on the larger scale map below.<\/font><\/H3><\/p>\n<li>In the lower right corner is a map showing plate boundary fault lines and the major tectonic plates. The M 7.5 location is shown as a red circle.<\/li>\n<li>Above the tectonic overview map is a view of the USGS finite fault slip model. This shows the amount that they estimate that the fault slipped during the earthquake. The fault may have slipped more than 2.5 meters. I placed an overlay of this fault slip on the main map. <\/li>\n<li>In the lower left are maps that show earthquake intensity for each earthquake using the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Modified_Mercalli_intensity_scale\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) Scale<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>To the right of these maps is a plot that shows the same intensity for the M 7.5 (both modeled and reported) data as displayed on the map. Note how the intensity gets smaller with distance from the earthquake. I label some of the large cities, some are shown on the maps.<\/li>\n<li>In the upper left corner are two maps showing the possibility of earthquake triggered landslides and earthquake induced liquefaction for these two earthquakes, a map pair for each earthquake. Read more about these maps later in the report.<\/li>\n<li>In the upper right corner are two additional maps that show more about the tectonic plate boundary fault systems. I place a yellow star in the location of the M 7.5 epicenter. The map on the right shows earthquake mechanisms in the region (informing us about what type of plate boundaries these are). The map on the left shows us how the plates are moving relative to each other (using a science called &#8220;geodesy&#8221;). We will see these maps in greater detail later in the report.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Here is the map with 6 week&#8217;s seismicity plotted.<\/li>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/earthquakes\/20260624_venezuela\/20260624_venezuela_interpretation.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/earthquakes\/20260624_venezuela\/20260624_venezuela_interpretation.jpg\" width=\"100%\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<\/ul>\n<p><H2><strong><font color=\"orange\">Other Report Pages<\/font><\/strong><\/H2><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/learningfromearthquakes.org\/earthquakes\/yumare-venezuela-m7-2-m7-5\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">EERI LFE Clearinghouse page<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eeri.org\/about-eeri\/news\/31158-eeri-response-to-june-24-2026-m7-2-m7-5-yumare-venezuela-earthquakes\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Website describing the EERI response to this earthquake sequence<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong><font color=\"orange\">Shaking Intensity<\/font><\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Here is a figure that shows a more detailed comparison between the modeled intensity and the reported intensity. Both data use the same color scale, the Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale (MMI). <a href=\"http:\/\/earthjay.com\/?page_id=3218\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">More about this can be found here<\/a>. The colors and contours on the map are results from the USGS modeled intensity. The DYFI data are plotted as colored dots (color = MMI, diameter = number of reports).<\/li>\n<li>In the upper panel is the USGS Did You Feel It reports map, showing reports as colored dots using the MMI color scale. Underlain on this map are colored areas showing the USGS modeled estimate for shaking intensity (MMI scale).<\/li>\n<li>In the lower panel is a plot showing MMI intensity (vertical axis) relative to distance from the earthquake (horizontal axis). The models are represented by the green and orange lines. The DYFI data are plotted as light blue dots. The mean and median (different types of &#8220;average&#8221;) are plotted as orange and purple dots. Note how well the reports fit the green line (the model that represents how MMI works based on quakes in California).<\/li>\n<li>Below the map and the lower plot is the USGS MMI Intensity scale, which lists the level of damage for each level of intensity, along with approximate measures of how strongly the ground shakes at these intensities, showing levels in acceleration (Peak Ground Acceleration, PGA) and velocity (Peak Ground Velocity, PGV).<\/li>\n<li>Note the high intensity for the M 7.5, with DYFI observations approaching MMI 9! This must have been terrifying!<\/li>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/earthquakes\/20260624_venezuela\/20260624_venezuela_intensity_interpretation.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/earthquakes\/20260624_venezuela\/20260624_venezuela_intensity_interpretation.jpg\" width=\"100%\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong><font color=\"orange\">Potential for Ground Failure<\/font><\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Below are a series of maps that show the potential for landslides and liquefaction. These are all USGS data products.<br \/>\nThere are many different ways in which a landslide can be triggered. The first order relations behind slope failure (landslides) is that the \u201cresisting\u201d forces that are preventing slope failure (e.g. the strength of the bedrock or soil) are overcome by the \u201cdriving\u201d forces that are pushing this land downwards (e.g. gravity). The ratio of resisting forces to driving forces is called the Factor of Safety (FOS). We can write this ratio like this:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>FOS = Resisting Force \/ Driving Force<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>When FOS &gt; 1, the slope is stable and when FOS &lt; 1, the slope fails and we get a landslide. The illustration below shows these relations. Note how the slope angle \u03b1 can take part in this ratio (the steeper the slope, the greater impact of the mass of the slope can contribute to driving forces). The real world is more complicated than the simplified illustration below.<\/li>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/earthjay.com\/earthquakes\/20180928_indonesia\/force_balance_landscape.jpg\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/earthjay.com\/earthquakes\/20180928_indonesia\/force_balance_landscape.jpg\" width=\"100%\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<li>Landslide ground shaking can change the Factor of Safety in several ways that might increase the driving force or decrease the resisting force. Keefer (1984) studied a global data set of earthquake triggered landslides and found that larger earthquakes trigger larger and more numerous landslides across a larger area than do smaller earthquakes. Earthquakes can cause landslides because the seismic waves can cause the driving force to increase (the earthquake motions can \u201cpush\u201d the land downwards), leading to a landslide. In addition, ground shaking can change the strength of these earth materials (a form of resisting force) with a process called liquefaction.<\/li>\n<li>Sediment or soil strength is based upon the ability for sediment particles to push against each other without moving. This is a combination of friction and the forces exerted between these particles. This is loosely what we call the \u201cangle of internal friction.\u201d Liquefaction is a process by which pore pressure increases cause water to push out against the sediment particles so that they are no longer touching.<\/li>\n<li>An analogy that some may be familiar with relates to a visit to the beach. When one is walking on the wet sand near the shoreline, the sand may hold the weight of our body generally pretty well. However, if we stop and vibrate our feet back and forth, this causes pore pressure to increase and we sink into the sand as the sand liquefies. Or, at least our feet sink into the sand.<\/li>\n<li>Below is a diagram showing how an increase in pore pressure can push against the sediment particles so that they are not touching any more. This allows the particles to move around and this is why our feet sink in the sand in the analogy above. This is also what changes the strength of earth materials such that a landslide can be triggered.<\/li>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/earthjay.com\/earthquakes\/20180928_indonesia\/liquefaction_pore_pressure_change_patton.jpg\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/earthjay.com\/earthquakes\/20180928_indonesia\/liquefaction_pore_pressure_change_patton.jpg\" width=\"100%\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<li>Here Dr. Bohon demonstrates the phenomena of liquefaction.<\/li>\n<blockquote class=\"tiktok-embed\" cite=\"https:\/\/www.tiktok.com\/@drwendyrocksit\/video\/7134366625335233835\" data-video-id=\"7134366625335233835\" style=\"max-width: 605px;min-width: 325px;\" >\n<section> <a target=\"_blank\" title=\"@drwendyrocksit\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tiktok.com\/@drwendyrocksit?refer=embed\" rel=\"noopener\">@drwendyrocksit<\/a> <a title=\"liquefaction\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tiktok.com\/tag\/liquefaction?refer=embed\" rel=\"noopener\">#Liquefaction<\/a> is a process by which water-saturated sediment temporarily loses strength and acts as a fluid. This can happen during <a title=\"earthquake\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tiktok.com\/tag\/earthquake?refer=embed\" rel=\"noopener\">#earthquake<\/a> shaking. <a title=\"geophysics\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tiktok.com\/tag\/geophysics?refer=embed\" rel=\"noopener\">#geophysics<\/a> <a title=\"geology\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tiktok.com\/tag\/geology?refer=embed\" rel=\"noopener\">#geology<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" title=\"\u266c Quicksand - Hatchie\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tiktok.com\/music\/Quicksand-7042449304744626178?refer=embed\" rel=\"noopener\">\u266c Quicksand &#8211; Hatchie<\/a> <\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/www.tiktok.com\/embed.js\"><\/script><\/p>\n<li>And, another video demonstration.<\/li>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n<p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">This liquefaction experiment conducted by the Tokyo Geological Survey of Japan at the Disaster Prevention Exhibition in 2015, shows the effects of different foundations and how hollow objects such as water pipes come to the surface [source, full video: <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/xYLjPY4IHZ\">https:\/\/t.co\/xYLjPY4IHZ<\/a>] <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/r8LXtmvrO0\">pic.twitter.com\/r8LXtmvrO0<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&mdash; Massimo (@Rainmaker1973) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/Rainmaker1973\/status\/1383500217127890946?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">April 17, 2021<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<li>Below is a diagram based upon a publication designed to educate the public about landslides and the processes that trigger them (USGS, 2004). Additional background information about landslide types can be found in Highland et al. (2008). There was a variety of landslide types that can be observed surrounding the earthquake region. So, this illustration can help people when they observing the landscape response to the earthquake whether they are using aerial imagery, photos in newspaper or website articles, or videos on social media. Will you be able to locate a landslide scarp or the toe of a landslide? This figure shows a rotational landslide, one where the land rotates along a curvilinear failure surface.<\/li>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/earthjay.com\/earthquakes\/20180928_indonesia\/landslide_terminology_patton.jpg\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/earthjay.com\/earthquakes\/20180928_indonesia\/landslide_terminology_patton.jpg\" width=\"100%\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<li>Below is the liquefaction susceptibility and landslide probability map (Jessee et al., 2017; Zhu et al., 2017) for each earthquake (M 7.2 on top and M 7.5 on bottom). Please head over to <a href=\"http:\/\/earthjay.com\/?p=8656\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">that report<\/a> for more information about the USGS Ground Failure products (landslides and liquefaction). Basically, earthquakes shake the ground and this ground shaking can cause landslides. <\/li>\n<li>I use the same color scheme that the USGS uses on their website. Note how the areas that are more likely to have experienced earthquake induced liquefaction are in the valleys. <a href=\"https:\/\/earthquake.usgs.gov\/data\/ground-failure\/background.php\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">Learn more about how the USGS prepares these model results here<\/a>.<\/li>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/earthquakes\/20260624_venezuela\/20260624_venezuela_ground_failure_interpretation.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/earthquakes\/20260624_venezuela\/20260624_venezuela_ground_failure_interpretation.jpg\" width=\"100%\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a>\n<\/ul>\n<p><H2><strong><font color=\"orange\">Some Relevant Discussion and Figures<\/font><\/strong><\/H2><\/p>\n<ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Here is the Casco et al. (2011) tectonic overview map.<\/li>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/earthquakes\/20260624_venezuela\/garcia_casco_etal_2011_subduction_zones_caribbean_fig_01.PNG\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/earthquakes\/20260624_venezuela\/garcia_casco_etal_2011_subduction_zones_caribbean_fig_01.PNG\" width=\"100%\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\nPlate tectonic configuration of the Caribbean region showing the location of the study cases presented in this issue (numbers refer to papers, arranged as in the issue), and other important geological features of the region (compiled from several sources).\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Here is the Audemard et al. (2006) tectonic overview map.<\/li>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/earthquakes\/20260624_venezuela\/audemard_etal_2006_quaternary_faults_venezuala_fig_02.jpg\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/earthquakes\/20260624_venezuela\/audemard_etal_2006_quaternary_faults_venezuala_fig_02.jpg\" width=\"100%\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\nSchematic map of Quaternary faults of Venezuela (simplified from Audemard et al. 2000). Faults and toponyms used throughout this contribution are identified.\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Here is the Audemard et al. (2006) cross section showing the relations between the different subduction zones in the region.<\/li>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/earthquakes\/20260624_venezuela\/audemard_etal_2006_quaternary_faults_venezuala_fig_03.jpg\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/earthquakes\/20260624_venezuela\/audemard_etal_2006_quaternary_faults_venezuala_fig_03.jpg\" width=\"100%\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\nThe orogenic float model applied to the M\u00e9rida Andes. Cross-section extends from the northwestern tip of the Santa Marta Block (SMB; location in Fig. 2) to the Llanos Basin, across the southernmost M\u00e9rida Andes, at the Pamplona indenter. Bottom figure displays major geologic units and structures, whereas top figure only exhibits major structures -brittle thrust and strike-slip faults, detachments and triangle zones- to give a more legible view of their interplays.\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Here are some cross sections showing the El Pilar fault, along with some of the thrust faults in the region (Jouanne et al., 2011). Section B is just to the west of where this M 7.3 earthquake happened.<\/li>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/earthjay.com\/earthquakes\/20180821_venezuela\/jouanne_etal_2011_el_pilar_fault_deformation_fig_02.JPG\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/earthjay.com\/earthquakes\/20180821_venezuela\/jouanne_etal_2011_el_pilar_fault_deformation_fig_02.JPG\" width=\"100%\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\nSimplified sections across the southeastern Caribbean margin (based on maps and sections by Bellizzia et al. (1976), St\u00e9phan et al. (1980), Campos (1981), Beck (1986), Chevalier (1987); locations in Fig. 1).\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Here is the Audemard et al. (2006) map showing the major faults in northern Venezuela.<\/li>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/earthquakes\/20260624_venezuela\/audemard_etal_2006_quaternary_faults_venezuala_fig_04.jpg\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/earthquakes\/20260624_venezuela\/audemard_etal_2006_quaternary_faults_venezuala_fig_04.jpg\" width=\"100%\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\nMap of Quaternary faults of Venezuela (after Audemard et al. 2000). Also accessible as a pdf file from the USGS web page in open file reports (ofr-00-0018). Line thickness is proportional to fault slip rate: the thickest indicates > 5 mm\/a and the thinnest < 1mm\/a. Shown faults have proven Quaternary activity.\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Here is the Pindell and Kennan (2009) map.<\/li>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/earthjay.com\/earthquakes\/20180821_venezuela\/pindell_kennan_2009_tectonic_evolution_gulf_mexico_fig_02.JPG\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/earthjay.com\/earthquakes\/20180821_venezuela\/pindell_kennan_2009_tectonic_evolution_gulf_mexico_fig_02.JPG\" width=\"100%\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\nPresent day tectonic map of the Caribbean region.\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Here is the Pindell and Kennan (2009) figure that shows how the large strike-slip plate boundary on the north side of Venezuela grew from the west over time.<\/li>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/earthjay.com\/earthquakes\/20180821_venezuela\/pindell_kennan_2009_tectonic_evolution_gulf_mexico_fig_25.JPG\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/earthjay.com\/earthquakes\/20180821_venezuela\/pindell_kennan_2009_tectonic_evolution_gulf_mexico_fig_25.JPG\" width=\"100%\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\nMotion histories of: North (NA) and South America (SA) relative to Indo-Atlantic hot spot (IAHS) Mu\u00a8ller et al. (1993) reference frame (grey lines; NA wrt IAHS and SA wrt IAHS); hot spots relative to North America (dashed black line; IAHS wrt NA); Caribbean relative to North America (heaviest black line; Car wrt NA), as summarized from former relative positions of the Caribbean Trench (lighter black lines). Also shown: Cayman Trough (grey outline); Cenozoic convergence between the Americas (inset upper right; P88 \u00bc Pindell et al. 1988; M99 \u00bc Mu\u00a8ller et al. 1999); seismic tomographic profile of van der Hilst (1990) (inset, lower right).\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Here is the Audemard (2000) map showing the many faults in this region.<\/li>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/earthjay.com\/earthquakes\/20180821_venezuela\/audemard_etal_2000_quaternary_faults_venezuala_map_map_b.JPG\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/earthjay.com\/earthquakes\/20180821_venezuela\/audemard_etal_2000_quaternary_faults_venezuala_map_map_b.JPG\" width=\"100%\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a>\n<\/ul>\n<p><H2>Offshore Fault Studies<\/H2><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Colon et al. (2015) studied the 1900 M 7.6 earthquake offshore of northern Venezuela.<\/li>\n<li>They used seismic reflection profiles for their work.<\/li>\n<li>These maps show isoseismal contours (shaking intensity) for this earthquake.<\/li>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/earthquakes\/20260624_venezuela\/coln_etal_2015_1900_M76_offshore_earthquake_fig_01.png\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/earthquakes\/20260624_venezuela\/coln_etal_2015_1900_M76_offshore_earthquake_fig_01.png\" width=\"100%\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\nIsoseismal maps for the October 1900 earthquake: A) Centeno-Gr\u20aca (1949); B) Fiedler (1961); C) Jacubowicz and Larotta (1974); and D) Lugo (1984). The 3 first maps place the macroseismic epicenter of this event offshore northcentral Venezuela, while Lugo (1984) pulls it to shore.\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Here is map showing the tectonic setting<\/li>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/earthquakes\/20260624_venezuela\/coln_etal_2015_1900_M76_offshore_earthquake_fig_02.jpg\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/earthquakes\/20260624_venezuela\/coln_etal_2015_1900_M76_offshore_earthquake_fig_02.jpg\" width=\"100%\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\nSimplified geodynamic framework of Northern South America (modified from Audemard et al., 2000), where the alleged La Tortuga fault trace has been incorporated. Abbreviations: BF Bocono fault; EPF El Pilar fault; LBF Los Bajos-El Soldado fault system; LTF La Tortuga fault; OAF Oca-Anc \u0001 on fault system (also named Oca-Chirinos fault by Schubert and Krause, 1984; but with a different fault trace); SSF San Sebastian fault; WSF Warm Spring fault of Trinidad.\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Here is map showing the faults and seismic profile locations.<\/li>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/earthquakes\/20260624_venezuela\/coln_etal_2015_1900_M76_offshore_earthquake_fig_03.jpg\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/earthquakes\/20260624_venezuela\/coln_etal_2015_1900_M76_offshore_earthquake_fig_03.jpg\" width=\"100%\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\nRegional interpretation of faulting along the Northecentral Venezuelan coast, from acoustic reflection profiles (simplified from Schubert and Krause, 1984). Legend: a. strikeslip fault; b. direction of dip of fault plane in seismic line; c. inferred connection between faults in profiles; d. fault zones; e. epicenter of earthquake (5.5 \u0004 M \u0004 7.2) f. epicenter of earthquake (4.5 \u0004 M \u0004 5.4); g. basin; h. area of uplift. Abbreviations: AF Avila fault; BB Bonaire basin; BF Bocon \u0001 o fault; BRF Bruscas fault; CB Cariaco basin; EPFZ El Pilar fault zone; LVFZ La Victoria fault zone; MAF Macuto fault; MF Moron fault; O-CFZ Oca-Chirinos fault zone; TAF T \u0001 \u0001 acata fault zone; TFZ Tacagua fault zone. Seismic lines shown in Fig. 4 are in bold line.\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Here is map showing the faults and seismic profile locations.<\/li>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/earthquakes\/20260624_venezuela\/coln_etal_2015_1900_M76_offshore_earthquake_fig_04.jpg\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/earthquakes\/20260624_venezuela\/coln_etal_2015_1900_M76_offshore_earthquake_fig_04.jpg\" width=\"100%\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\nRegional interpretation of faulting along the Northecentral Venezuelan coast, from acoustic reflection profiles (simplified from Schubert and Krause, 1984). Legend: a. strikeslip fault; b. direction of dip of fault plane in seismic line; c. inferred connection between faults in profiles; d. fault zones; e. epicenter of earthquake (5.5 \u0004 M \u0004 7.2) f. epicenter of earthquake (4.5 \u0004 M \u0004 5.4); g. basin; h. area of uplift. Abbreviations: AF Avila fault; BB Bonaire basin; BF Bocon \u0001 o fault; BRF Bruscas fault; CB Cariaco basin; EPFZ El Pilar fault zone; LVFZ La Victoria fault zone; MAF Macuto fault; MF Moron fault; O-CFZ Oca-Chirinos fault zone; TAF T \u0001 \u0001 acata fault zone; TFZ Tacagua fault zone. Seismic lines shown in Fig. 4 are in bold line.\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Here is map showing the faults and seismic profile locations used in their study.<\/li>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/earthquakes\/20260624_venezuela\/coln_etal_2015_1900_M76_offshore_earthquake_fig_05.jpg\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/earthquakes\/20260624_venezuela\/coln_etal_2015_1900_M76_offshore_earthquake_fig_05.jpg\" width=\"100%\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\nLocation map of high resolution shallow seismic profiles acquired in September-October 2007 during the Vargas (VARS) and Littoral (LIT) campaigns by a joint international effort (FUNVISIS-ISTerre-RCMG). The lines used in this contribution are highlighted as thick lines and labeled by the figure number accordingly. Geologic base map by Hackley et al. (2005). Color code of geologic units complies with the international nomenclature. Map of Quaternary faults taken from Audemard et al. (2000). Note that the LTF submarine trace is inferred from Cabo Codera longitude towards the west. In addition, this interpretation does not consider the LTF as the prolongation of the Oca-Ancon fault system. This \u0001 figure also provides the location of seismic lines displayed in this study from previous surveys (Schubert, 1982; Schubert and Krause, 1984 and Paolini, 2012).\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Here is the seismic profile across the San Sebastian fault (figure 10 on the above map).<\/li>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/earthquakes\/20260624_venezuela\/coln_etal_2015_1900_M76_offshore_earthquake_fig_10.png\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/earthquakes\/20260624_venezuela\/coln_etal_2015_1900_M76_offshore_earthquake_fig_10.png\" width=\"100%\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\nUninterpreted (top) and interpreted (bottom) sparker profile (VARS 12). For relative location, refer to Fig. 5. The SSF appears as a very sharp single vertical fault plane, conversely to the structural style exhibited west of Maiquet\u00eda. This visualization is possible because the coast has a large embayment at Chuspa, several kilometers west of Cabo Codera (easternmost tip of the Coastal range), allowing the vessel crossing across. Note the freshness and preservation of the north-facing fault scarp in unconsolidated sediments. Interpretation is only provided above first multiple.\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Here is the seismic profile across the San Sebastian fault (figure 11 on the above map).<\/li>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/earthquakes\/20260624_venezuela\/coln_etal_2015_1900_M76_offshore_earthquake_fig_11.png\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/earthquakes\/20260624_venezuela\/coln_etal_2015_1900_M76_offshore_earthquake_fig_11.png\" width=\"100%\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\nUninterpreted (top) and interpreted (bottom) high-resolution shallow seismic line VARS 16. Relative location is given in Fig. 5. The SSF appears as a single vertical fault plane at the edge of a narrow elevated platform, looking much alike to a fault bench. Also note the protruding \u201cbasement\u201d through a younger onlapping sedimentary package to the right of the profile. Interpretation is only provided above first multiple.\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Here is the seismic profile across the San Sebastian fault (figure 12 on the above map).<\/li>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/earthquakes\/20260624_venezuela\/coln_etal_2015_1900_M76_offshore_earthquake_fig_12.png\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/earthquakes\/20260624_venezuela\/coln_etal_2015_1900_M76_offshore_earthquake_fig_12.png\" width=\"100%\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\nUninterpreted (top) and interpreted (bottom) profile VARS 18. Refer to Fig. 5 for relative location. The sub-vertical SSF runs at the edge of a narrow elevated bench, much in the same way as shown in line VARS 16 (compare to Fig. 11), located 11 km east of VARS 18. Interpretation is only provided above first multiple.\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>This is an illustration showing their interpretation of the faults offshore of Venezuela.<\/li>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/earthquakes\/20260624_venezuela\/coln_etal_2015_1900_M76_offshore_earthquake_fig_13.jpg\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/earthquakes\/20260624_venezuela\/coln_etal_2015_1900_M76_offshore_earthquake_fig_13.jpg\" width=\"100%\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\nelection of simplified line-drawings from north-south trending acoustic reflection profiles of the Cariaco basin and adjacent shelves, compiled by Schubert (1982). Inset figure provides relative location of profiles (from Schubert, 1982). Relative location to other surveys is provided in Fig. 5. Numbers in line 13 are water depths. Vertical scale is variable between profiles. Compare lines 1, 2 and 8 from this figure to our VARS 16 (Fig. 11), 14 (Fig. 15) and 1 (Fig. 14) sparker lines. The Moron Fault Zone \u0001 eMFZ-identified in these profiles corresponds to LTF of Beltraan (1993). The latter one is the definition adopted in this work. EPFZ stands for El Pilar Fault Zone.\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/ul>\n<p><H2>Onshore Fault Studies<\/H2><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Beltran et al. (2017) developed slip rates for strike-slip faults in northwestern Venezuela.<\/li>\n<li>This map highlights where their study from 2017 is.<\/li>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/earthquakes\/20260624_venezuela\/beltran_etal_2017_pleistocene_slip_rate_bocono_fault_venezuela_fig_01.jpg\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/earthquakes\/20260624_venezuela\/beltran_etal_2017_pleistocene_slip_rate_bocono_fault_venezuela_fig_01.jpg\" width=\"100%\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\nGeodynamic context of Venezuela. The North Andean Block (in yellow) composed of minor blocks accommodates part of the relative displacement between the South American, Nazca, and Caribbean plates. The Bocon\u00f3 fault is represented in red. This figure is based on Trenkamp et al. [2002], DeMets et al. [2010], Egbue and Kellogg [2010], and Monod et al. [2010].\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>This map shows existing slip rates and historic seismicity (Beltran et al., 2017).<\/li>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/earthquakes\/20260624_venezuela\/beltran_etal_2017_pleistocene_slip_rate_bocono_fault_venezuela_fig_02.jpg\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/earthquakes\/20260624_venezuela\/beltran_etal_2017_pleistocene_slip_rate_bocono_fault_venezuela_fig_02.jpg\" width=\"100%\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\n(a) Seismotectonic map of Venezuela: mapping of faults is based on Audemard et al. [2000], geodetic velocity is based on DeMets et al. [2010], and seismicity data are provided by the Advanced National Seismic System\u2019s comprehensive earthquake catalog (ANSS ComCat) [U.S.Geological Survey, 2017]. CLF: Colombian Llanos Foothills, CRF: Central Range Fault, EPF: El Pilar Fault, OAF: Oc\u00e1-Ancon Fault, SMBF: Santa Marta-Bucaramanga Fault, and SSF: San Sebastian Fault. (b) Seismotectonic map of western Venezuela, the fault slip rates come from Late Quaternary studies recompiled in Audemard et al. [2000]. The Bocon\u00f3 fault crosscuts the Venezuelan Andes and is divided into five segments [Audemard et al., 2000]. The red star represents the supposed epicenter of the 1812 historical earthquake [Choy et al., 2010]. Arrows display GPS velocities reported by University NAVSTAR Consortium (UNAVCO) [2017] relative to a stable South American plate. The dashed square is the location of Figure 3.\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>This map shows existing slip rates in the region of their study (Beltran et al., 2017).<\/li>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/earthquakes\/20260624_venezuela\/beltran_etal_2017_pleistocene_slip_rate_bocono_fault_venezuela_fig_03.jpg\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/earthquakes\/20260624_venezuela\/beltran_etal_2017_pleistocene_slip_rate_bocono_fault_venezuela_fig_03.jpg\" width=\"100%\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\n(Seismotectonic context of the Yaracuy Valley. Fault mapping is based on Audemard et al. [2000]. The thick line represents the Bocon\u00f3 fault defined in Audemard [2016]: the blue portion is the Triste-Albarico segment, the white portion is the Albarico-La Virgen segment, and the green portion is the La Virgen-Yaritagua segment. The orange dashed line is IX intensity contour for the 1812 event drawn by Grases [1980]. Dots represent instrumental seismicity provided by FUNVISIS and by International Seismological Centre [2013]. The dashed rectangle represents Figure S2.\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>This map shows historical earthquake rupture extents in the region of their 2018 Bocono fault study (Beltran et al., 2018).<\/li>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/earthquakes\/20260624_venezuela\/beltran_etal_2018_earthquake_geology_1ka_bocono_fault_venezuela_fig_01.jpg\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/earthquakes\/20260624_venezuela\/beltran_etal_2018_earthquake_geology_1ka_bocono_fault_venezuela_fig_01.jpg\" width=\"100%\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\nA) Geodynamic context of Venezuela. The North Andean Block (in yellow), composed of minor blocks, accommodates part of the relative displacement between the South American, Nazca and Caribbean plates. The Bocon\u00f3 Fault is shown in red, SSF is the San-Sebastian Fault. This figure is based on Trenkamp et al. (2002), DeMets et al. (2010), Egbue and Kellogg (2010) and Monod et al. (2010). B) Quaternary slip rates of the Bocon\u00f3 Fault (Pousse-Beltran et al., 2017). The color lines highlight the five segments of the fault based on Audemard et al. (2000). The slip rate references quoted are: [a] Wesnousky et al. (2012), [b] Wesnousky et al. (2012) and Carcaillet et al. (2013), [c] Giegengack et al. (1976) and Egbue and Kellogg (2010), [d] Audemard et al. (1999); [e] Soulas (1986), [f] Audemard (1997), [g] Singer and Beltran (1996). C) Spatio-temporal distribution of the historical seismicity and location of the trench sites carried out along the Bocon\u00f3 Fault (modified after Audemard (2014)). This figure summarizes the fault segment characteristics: historical events, trench sites, number of events dated in the trenches and return period. References are for the \u201cMis Delirios\u201d and \u201cLa Grita\u201d trenches: Audemard (1997, 1998), for the \u201cQuinanoque\u201d and \u201cPantaleta\u201d trenches: Alvarado et al. (2008), for the \u201cMorro de los Hoyos\u201d trench is Audemard et al. (1999), for the \u201cMesa del Caballo\u201d trench is Audemard et al. (2008), for the \u201cLa Primavera\u201d and \u201cLos Manzanos\u201d trenches is: Audemard (2008), for the \u201cBuena Vista\u201d trench is Beltran et al. (1990), and finally for the \u201cQuigua\u201d and \u201cYaritagua\u201d trenches is Audemard (2016). See Fig. S1 in the supplementary material for the detailed chronology of the events dated in the trenches.\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>This map shows additional historical earthquake rupture extents in the region of their 2018 Bocono fault study (Beltran et al., 2018) along with shaking contours from an 1812 earthquake.<\/li>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/earthquakes\/20260624_venezuela\/beltran_etal_2018_earthquake_geology_1ka_bocono_fault_venezuela_fig_01.jpg\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/earthquakes\/20260624_venezuela\/beltran_etal_2018_earthquake_geology_1ka_bocono_fault_venezuela_fig_01.jpg\" width=\"100%\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\nA) Sub-events and epicenters associated with the 1812 event. The yellow line marked as 1812a corresponds to the rupture inferred along the Boc-e segment which destroyed the cities of Barquisimeto and San Felipe. The yellow line demarcated as 1812b corresponds to the rupture along the San Sebastian Fault which destroyed Caracas. The yellow dot denoted as 1812c in the right top frame is the localized event that occurred near the city of Merida (Choy et al., 2010). The dotted yellow line represents the possible rupture between the 1812a and 1812b events in the case of a continuous rupture. The ruptures and epicenters of the 1900 and 1967 events are drawn following Audemard (2002), Choy et al. (2010) and Col\u00f3n et al. (2015). The fault mapping is based on Audemard et al. (2000). B) Seismo-tectonic context of the Yaracuy Valley. The stars represent cities where an earthquake has been reported since 1802, the filled purple stars correspond to cities where the 1812 event was felt most strongly (Casas-Sainz, 1991; Choy et al., 2010). The purple lines represent isoseismal contours extrapolated from the intensity reported in the cities (stars on the map) in 1812 and the isoseismal map in Altez (2016). The dots represent the instrumental seismicity recorder by FUNVISIS and the International Seismological Center (2013) between 1978 and 2014. The blue and white triangle indicates the trench site studied in this  contribution.\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/ul>\n<p><H2>Geodesy<\/H2><\/p>\n<p>Geodesy is the study of how the Earth deforms with time. As plates move relative to each other, we can measure this motion.<\/p>\n<p>There are many modern ways of measuring this motion. Originally, we measured the distances between fixed locations like benchmarks embedded into the ground. As these benchmarks moved, the distances between them changed.<\/p>\n<p>We used to measure the distances with chains or tape measures. Later we used measurements using satellite observations (e.g, GPS or GNSS observations). Lately we have been using other forms of satellite measurements called InSAR (short for interferrometric synthetic aperture radar). Some of the social media posts below show InSAR analyses that measure the displacement of the plates that moved during the earthquake.<\/p>\n<p>SO, there are geodetic measurements of long term plate motion (e.g., between earthquakes, called the interseismic period) or for the period from during the earthquake motion (called the coseismic period).<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>This is a map from Reinoza et al. (2015) where they present their geodetic analysis (analysis of the deformation of the earth). These authors use GPS data to evaluate the potential activity of the El Pilar fault.<\/li>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/earthjay.com\/earthquakes\/20180821_venezuela\/Reinoza_etal_2015_geodetic_strain_el_pilar_fault_fig_01.JPG\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/earthjay.com\/earthquakes\/20180821_venezuela\/Reinoza_etal_2015_geodetic_strain_el_pilar_fault_fig_01.JPG\" width=\"100%\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\nLocation map of the active faults in northeastern Venezuela [Audemard et al., 2000] showing distribution of the GNSS stations: yellow squares, green circles, and red triangles are GNSS sites on which the acquisition campaigns were carried out in 2003, 2005, and 2013 respectively; the blue star corresponds to the cGNSS CUMA station of REMOS-IGVSB Network. We show the epicenter location of 1929 and 1997 events with their respective proposed ruptures (orange lines) [Audemard, 2007]. (top right) The inset box shows a schematic geodynamic map of the southeastern Caribbean [Audemard, 1999b; Audemard et al., 2000; Weber et al., 2001]. Legend: BF = Bocon\u00f3 Fault, EPF = El Pilar Fault, OAF = Oca Anc\u00f3n  fault, SMBF = Santa Marta Bucaramanga Fault, and SSF = San Sebastian Fault.\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Here are the GPS data. The white arrows (vectors) show the observed velocities (motion rate) for the GPS sites shown on the previous map. The black arrows (vectors) show how their model results compare with the observational data.<\/li>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/earthjay.com\/earthquakes\/20180821_venezuela\/Reinoza_etal_2015_geodetic_strain_el_pilar_fault_fig_12.JPG\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/earthjay.com\/earthquakes\/20180821_venezuela\/Reinoza_etal_2015_geodetic_strain_el_pilar_fault_fig_12.JPG\" width=\"100%\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\nObserved velocities (white arrows) with error ellipses for 66% confidence level and simulated velocities (black arrows) according to the upgrade of displacement-simulation method. All displacements are based on the South America reference frame.\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>These plate motion vectors show the GPS velocities at sites across the Caribbean (Symithe et al., 2015). <\/li>\n<li>The top map shows GPS velocities relative to the North America plate and the bottom map shows velocities relative to the South America plate.<\/li>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/earthjay.com\/earthquakes\/20260624_venezuela\/symithe_etal_2015_Current_block_motions_Caribbean_fig_02.JPG\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/earthjay.com\/earthquakes\/20260624_venezuela\/symithe_etal_2015_Current_block_motions_Caribbean_fig_02.JPG\" width=\"100%\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\n(top) GPS velocities used in the model shown with respect to the North American plate defined by the velocity of 25 GPS sites located in the stable interior of the plate [Calais et al., 2006]. (bottom) GPS velocities shown with respect to the Caribbean plate as defined in the best fit block model described in the text. Error ellipses are 95% confidence. Blue arrows show GPS velocities from P\u00e9rez et al. [2001] in Venezuela because of their large uncertainty and the lack of common sites with our solution, which prevents us from rigorously combining them to our solution. They are not used in the model but used to show that they are consistent with the rest of the velocity field.\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>This map shows the relative motion at modeled locations along the plate boundary faults (based on how they modeled tectonic block motion across the region).<\/li>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/earthjay.com\/earthquakes\/20260624_venezuela\/symithe_etal_2015_Current_block_motions_Caribbean_fig_08.JPG\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/earthjay.com\/earthquakes\/20260624_venezuela\/symithe_etal_2015_Current_block_motions_Caribbean_fig_08.JPG\" width=\"100%\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\n Best fit model geometry with block boundaries as solid black lines and predicted relative block motions as arrows with velocity indicated in mm\/yr with their 95% confidence ellipse according to the parameters listed in Table 2. Red = strike slip (i.e., slip direction with \u00b130o from fault strike), blue = reverse or transpressional, green = normal of transtensional. Residual velocities are shown with grey arrows. We omitted their error ellipses for a sake of readability, see Figures 9 and 10 for a close up view on Hispaniola and the Lesser Antilles. The thin dashed line indicates the boundary of the Bahamas Platform.\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong><font color=\"orange\">Seismic Hazard and Seismic Risk<\/font><\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>These are the two maps that show seismic hazard and seismic risk, the <a href=\"https:\/\/maps.openquake.org\/map\/global-seismic-hazard-map\/#2\/24.7\/-18.6\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">GEM Seismic Hazard<\/a> and the <a href=\"https:\/\/maps.openquake.org\/map\/global-seismic-risk-map\/#6\/1.454\/125.451\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">GEM Seismic Risk<\/a> maps from Pagani et al. (2018) and Silva et al. (2018).<\/li>\n<ul>\n<h2>\n<li>The GEM Seismic Hazard Map:<\/li>\n<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/earthjay.com\/earthquakes\/20190714_halmahera\/gem_global_seismic_hazard_map_v2018.1.pdf\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/earthjay.com\/earthquakes\/20190714_halmahera\/gem_global_seismic_hazard_map_v2018.jpg\" width=\"100%\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/earthjay.com\/earthquakes\/20190714_halmahera\/GEM_hazard_legend.png\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/earthjay.com\/earthquakes\/20190714_halmahera\/GEM_hazard_legend.png\" width=\"50%\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<li>The Global Earthquake Model (GEM) Global Seismic Hazard Map (version 2018.1) depicts the geographic distribution of the Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) with a 10% probability of being exceeded in 50 years, computed for reference rock conditions (shear wave velocity, VS30, of 760-800 m\/s). The map was created by collating maps computed using national and regional probabilistic seismic hazard models developed by various institutions and projects, and by GEM Foundation scientists. The OpenQuake engine, an open-source seismic hazard and risk calculation software developed principally by the GEM Foundation, was used to calculate the hazard values. A smoothing methodology was applied to homogenise hazard values along the model borders. The map is based on a database of hazard models described using the OpenQuake engine data format (NRML). Due to possible model limitations, regions portrayed with low hazard may still experience potentially damaging earthquakes. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<h2>\n<li>The GEM Seismic Risk Map:<\/li>\n<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/earthjay.com\/earthquakes\/20190714_halmahera\/gem_global_seismic_risk_map_v2018.1.pdf\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/earthjay.com\/earthquakes\/20190714_halmahera\/gem_global_seismic_risk_map_v2018.jpg\" width=\"100%\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/earthjay.com\/earthquakes\/20190714_halmahera\/GEM_risk_legend.png\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/earthjay.com\/earthquakes\/20190714_halmahera\/GEM_risk_legend.png\" width=\"50%\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<li>The Global Seismic Risk Map (v2018.1) presents the geographic distribution of average annual loss (USD) normalised by the average construction costs of the respective country (USD\/m2) due to ground shaking in the residential, commercial and industrial building stock, considering contents, structural and non-structural components. The normalised metric allows a direct comparison of the risk between countries with widely different construction costs. It does not consider the effects of tsunamis, liquefaction, landslides, and fires following earthquakes. The loss estimates are from direct physical damage to buildings due to shaking, and thus damage to infrastructure or indirect losses due to business interruption are not included. The average annual losses are presented on a hexagonal grid, with a spacing of 0.30 x 0.34 decimal degrees (approximately 1,000 km<sup>2<\/sup> at the equator). The average annual losses were computed using the event-based calculator of the OpenQuake engine, an open-source software for seismic hazard and risk analysis developed by the GEM Foundation. The seismic hazard, exposure and vulnerability models employed in these calculations were provided by national institutions, or developed within the scope of regional programs or bilateral collaborations. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Petersen et al. (2018) calculated the seismic hazard for South America. They prepared a suite of estimates of hazard calculated for different time periods and for different seismic periods (buildings of different height have different periods and respond to seismic shaking with shaking frequencies relative to their period).<\/li>\n<li>Below is a series of three maps showing the chance of slight (or greater), moderate (or greater), and considerable (or greater) shaking over a period of 100 years.<\/li>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/earthquakes\/20260624_venezuela\/petersen_etal_2018_seismic_hazrd_risk_south_america_fig_11_A.jpg\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/earthquakes\/20260624_venezuela\/petersen_etal_2018_seismic_hazrd_risk_south_america_fig_11_A.jpg\" width=\"100%\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/earthquakes\/20260624_venezuela\/petersen_etal_2018_seismic_hazrd_risk_south_america_fig_11_B.jpg\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/earthquakes\/20260624_venezuela\/petersen_etal_2018_seismic_hazrd_risk_south_america_fig_11_B.jpg\" width=\"100%\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/earthquakes\/20260624_venezuela\/petersen_etal_2018_seismic_hazrd_risk_south_america_fig_11_C.jpg\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/earthquakes\/20260624_venezuela\/petersen_etal_2018_seismic_hazrd_risk_south_america_fig_11_C.jpg\" width=\"100%\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\nChance of (a) slight (MMI \u2265 VI), (b) moderate (MMI \u2265 VII), or (c) considerable (MMI \u2265 VIII) damaging earthquake shaking in 100 yrs\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Salgado-G\u00e1lvez et al. (2023) calculated seismic hazard for the Caribbean and Central America.<\/li>\n<li>Below are three maps for this region.<\/li>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/earthquakes\/20260624_venezuela\/salgado_G\u00e1lvez_etal_2023_seismic_hazard_model_caribbean_central_america_fig_06.jpg\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/earthquakes\/20260624_venezuela\/salgado_G\u00e1lvez_etal_2023_seismic_hazard_model_caribbean_central_america_fig_06.jpg\" width=\"100%\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\n Seismic hazard map for peak ground acceleration (PGA) (in g) on rock for a 475 yr return period.\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/earthquakes\/20260624_venezuela\/salgado_G\u00e1lvez_etal_2023_seismic_hazard_model_caribbean_central_america_fig_07.jpg\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/earthquakes\/20260624_venezuela\/salgado_G\u00e1lvez_etal_2023_seismic_hazard_model_caribbean_central_america_fig_07.jpg\" width=\"100%\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\nSeismic hazard map for spectral acceleration (SA) at 0.2 (in g) on rock for a 475 yr return period.\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/earthquakes\/20260624_venezuela\/salgado_G\u00e1lvez_etal_2023_seismic_hazard_model_caribbean_central_america_fig_08.jpg\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/earthquakes\/20260624_venezuela\/salgado_G\u00e1lvez_etal_2023_seismic_hazard_model_caribbean_central_america_fig_08.jpg\" width=\"100%\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\n. Seismic hazard map for PGA (in g) on soil for a 475 yr return period.\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong><font color=\"orange\">Tsunami<\/font><\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Cazenave et al. have a preprint showing their submitted paper on the tsunami. This map shows the results from their modeling, color depicting the maximum tsunami amplitude.<\/li>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/earthquakes\/20260624_venezuela\/cazenave_etal_2026_tsunami_triggered_24_June_2026_Venezuela_preprint_fig_05.png\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/earthquakes\/20260624_venezuela\/cazenave_etal_2026_tsunami_triggered_24_June_2026_Venezuela_preprint_fig_05.png\" width=\"100%\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\nCoastal gauges and the DART system that recorded the tsunami (red), possibly recorded the tsunami (orange), and did not record the tsunami (green). The background map shows the maximum simulated tsunami wave amplitudes for the USGS finite-fault model presented hereafter in section 2.2. A common, open-ended logarithmic colour scale was applied in order to highlight small amplitudes while showing larger amplitudes confined to the source region. White contours represent tsunami travel times (TTT) at 10 minute intervals.\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/ul>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<h2> <strong><font color=orange>Chile | South America<\/font><\/strong><\/h2>\n<h3>General Overview<\/h3>\n<li>2010.02.27 <a href=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/?p=5111\">M 8.8 Earthquake Review<\/a><\/li>\n<h3>Earthquake Reports<\/h3>\n<li>2026.0.24 <a href=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/?p=12688\">M 7.5 Venezuela<\/a> 351<\/li>\n<li>2024.07.19 <a href=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/?p=11955\">M 7.4 Chile\/Bolivia<\/a><\/li>\n<li>2023.03.18 <a href=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/?p=10925\">M 6.8 Ecuador<\/a><\/li>\n<li>2021.11.28 <a href=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/?p=9916\">M 7.5 Peru<\/a><\/li>\n<li>2019.08.01 <a href=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/?p=8948\">M 6.8 Chile<\/a><\/li>\n<li>2019.06.14 <a href=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/?p=8588\">M 6.4 Chile<\/a><\/li>\n<li>2019.05.26 <a href=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/?p=8541\">M 8.0 Peru<\/a><\/li>\n<li>2019.05.12 <a href=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/?p=8499\">M 6.1 Panama<\/a>\n<li>2019.03.01 <a href=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/?p=8384\">M 7.0 Peru<\/a><\/li>\n<li>2019.02.22 <a href=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/?p=8361\">M 7.5 Ecuador<\/a><\/li>\n<li>2019.01.20 <a href=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/?p=8233\">M 6.7 Chile<\/a><\/li>\n<li>2018.08.21 <a href=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/?p=7657\">M 7.3 Venezuela<\/a><\/li>\n<li>2018.08.24 <a href=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/?p=7690\">M 7.1 Peru<\/a><\/li>\n<li>2018.04.02 <a href=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/?p=7301\">M 6.8 Bolivia<\/a><\/li>\n<li>2018.01.14 <a href=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/?p=6910\">M 7.1 Peru<\/a>\n<li>2018.01.15 <a href=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/?p=6933\">M 7.1 Peru<\/a> Update #1<\/li>\n<li>2017.06.30 <a href=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/?p=5588\">M 6.0 Ecuador<\/a><\/li>\n<li>2017.04.24 <a href=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/?p=5294\">M 6.9 Chile<\/a><\/li>\n<li>2017.04.23 <a href=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/?p=5277\">M 5.9 Chile<\/a><\/li>\n<li>2016.12.25 <a href=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/?p=4659\">M 7.6 Chile<\/a><\/li>\n<li>2016.11.24 <a href=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/?p=4480\">M 7.0 El Salvador<\/a><\/li>\n<li>2016.11.04 <a href=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/?p=4457\">M 6.4 Maule, Chile<\/a><\/li>\n<li>2016.04.16 <a href=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/?p=3991\">M 7.8 Ecuador<\/a><\/li>\n<li>2016.04.16 <a href=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/?p=4004\">M 7.8 Ecuador<\/a> Update #1<\/li>\n<li>2015.11.29 <a href=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/?p=3356\">M 5.9 Argentina<\/a><\/li>\n<li>2015.11.11 <a href=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/?p=3199\">M 6.9 Chile<\/a><\/li>\n<li>2015.11.24 <a href=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/?p=3333\">M 7.6 Peru<\/a><\/li>\n<li>2015.11.26 <a href=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/?p=3346\">M 7.6 Peru Update<\/a><\/li>\n<li>2015.09.16 <a href=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/?p=2932\">M 8.3 Chile<\/a><\/li>\n<li>2014.04.01 <a href=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/?p=1472\">M 8.2 Chile<\/a><\/li>\n<li>2010.02.27 <a href=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/?p=5111\">M 8.8 Chile<\/a><\/li>\n<li>1960.05.22 <a href=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/?p=7109\">M 9.5 Chile<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<p><H2><strong><font color=\"orange\">Social Media<\/font><\/strong><\/H2><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n<p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/hashtag\/EarthquakeReport?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#EarthquakeReport<\/a> for M 7.1 <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/hashtag\/terremoto?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#terremoto<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/hashtag\/sismo?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#sismo<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/hashtag\/Earthquake?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#Earthquake<\/a> en <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/hashtag\/Venezuela?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#Venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Sadly this shallow large earthquake will be damaging and there will be casualties<\/p>\n<p>Tectonic setting in 2018 report<a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/kxauiedMH9\">https:\/\/t.co\/kxauiedMH9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/YRjgOJ3IGA\">https:\/\/t.co\/YRjgOJ3IGA<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/szgUUKvmm7\">pic.twitter.com\/szgUUKvmm7<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&mdash; Jason &quot;Jay&quot; R. Patton (@patton_cascadia) <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/patton_cascadia\/status\/2069920580456136882?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">June 24, 2026<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.x.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n<p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/hashtag\/EarthquakeReport?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#EarthquakeReport<\/a> for 24 June 2026 M 7.5 &amp; 7.2 <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/hashtag\/Terremoto?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#Terremoto<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/hashtag\/Sismo?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#Sismo<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/hashtag\/Earthquake?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#Earthquake<\/a> offshore of <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/hashtag\/Venezuela?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#Venezuela<\/a> <\/p>\n<p>sadly, many casualties and infrastructure damage<a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/USGS_Quakes?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@USGS_Quakes<\/a> models of landslides, liquefaction, shaking<\/p>\n<p>report and high res figures: <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/dkTnlPcSfl\">https:\/\/t.co\/dkTnlPcSfl<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/fF944D8xAr\">pic.twitter.com\/fF944D8xAr<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&mdash; Jason &quot;Jay&quot; R. Patton (@patton_cascadia) <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/patton_cascadia\/status\/2094998178315866592?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">September 2, 2026<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.x.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n<p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">Quick look at the 2026 <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/hashtag\/Venezuela?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#Venezuela<\/a> doublet <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/hashtag\/earthquakes?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#earthquakes<\/a> from Sentinel-1 <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/hashtag\/InSAR?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#InSAR<\/a>. <br \/>Observed deformation is mainly east of epicenters, so main slip may be offshore or near the coast. Weak onshore deformation could hint at deeper rupture or limited shallow slip. More SAR data needed. <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/3kdqaWtvd8\">pic.twitter.com\/3kdqaWtvd8<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&mdash; Zhenjiang Liu (@zhenjiangliu4) <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/zhenjiangliu4\/status\/2070060797414543783?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">June 25, 2026<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.x.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n<p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">Very damaging earthquakes in Venezuela.<a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/JudithGeology?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@JudithGeology<\/a> provides a preliminary summary of what may have been a M7.2 and M7.5 doublet &#8211; or a complex rupture <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/9enCOGi5MM\">https:\/\/t.co\/9enCOGi5MM<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/8IbdSWpGIT\">pic.twitter.com\/8IbdSWpGIT<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&mdash; Dr. Alice-Agnes Gabriel (@InSeismoland) <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/InSeismoland\/status\/2069977788980003012?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">June 25, 2026<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.x.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n<p lang=\"it\" dir=\"ltr\">Il <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/hashtag\/terremoto?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#terremoto<\/a> di M 7.5 di stanotte \u00e8 il pi\u00f9 forte ad aver colpito questa zona del <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/hashtag\/Venezuela?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#Venezuela<\/a> da 126 anni, ovvero da quello di M 7.7 che il 29 ottobre 1900 ha colpito Caracas. Le faglie coinvolte sembrano essere le stesse responsabili del (doppio) terremoto di M 7.4 e 7.1 del 1812 <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/RM8FrFvQnh\">pic.twitter.com\/RM8FrFvQnh<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&mdash; Il Mondo dei Terremoti (@mondoterremoti) <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/mondoterremoti\/status\/2070140736918413596?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">June 25, 2026<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.x.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n<p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">Vantor has activated its Open Data Program for Venezuela in response to yesterday&#39;s powerful earthquakes, providing frontline organizations and the open source mapping community with free access to our high-resolution imagery to help accelerate response and recovery efforts.\u2026 <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/ary6iU1YZm\">pic.twitter.com\/ary6iU1YZm<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&mdash; Vantor (@vantortech) <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/vantortech\/status\/2070496092131569833?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">June 26, 2026<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.x.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n<p lang=\"es\" dir=\"ltr\">VIDEO | M\u00e1s de 100 edificios han colapsado en el estado costero La Guaira, en Venezuela, debido a los terremotos de magnitud 7,2 y 7,5 que azotaron al pa\u00eds caribe\u00f1o.<\/p>\n<p>\ud83c\udfa5 EFE <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/RxmUHtCEJ3\">pic.twitter.com\/RxmUHtCEJ3<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&mdash; EFE Noticias (@EFEnoticias) <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/EFEnoticias\/status\/2070316333267378576?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">June 26, 2026<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.x.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n<p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">Updated fault model for the M7.5 <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/hashtag\/Venezuela?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#Venezuela<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/hashtag\/earthquake?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#earthquake<\/a>, based on new Sentinel-1 (Copernicus) <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/hashtag\/InSAR?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#InSAR<\/a> data. <br \/>Visit the <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/hashtag\/INGV?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#INGV<\/a> Finite Source portal for details:<a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/s2PHUvJ8ya\">https:\/\/t.co\/s2PHUvJ8ya<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/6tfavZD1Eq\">pic.twitter.com\/6tfavZD1Eq<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&mdash; Simone Atzori (@SimoneAtzori73) <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/SimoneAtzori73\/status\/2070446311229321653?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">June 26, 2026<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.x.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n<p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">Ascending &amp; descending Sentinel-1 interferograms of the M7.5 Venezuela earthquake. Coseismic deformation truncates at the coast, exposing only the onshore half of the field, consistent with onshore nucleation in the west and eastward, offshore rupture propagation. <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/hashtag\/InSAR?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#InSAR<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/7NC2EfS342\">pic.twitter.com\/7NC2EfS342<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&mdash; Zhen Li (@InSARli) <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/InSARli\/status\/2070426454870093976?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">June 26, 2026<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.x.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n<p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">Section from the 2026-06-24 M7.2 foreshock (and almost immediately following M7.5 main shock) 23 km SE of Yumare, Venezuela <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/hashtag\/earthquake?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#earthquake<\/a>.<a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/hashtag\/CitizenScience?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#CitizenScience<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/raspishake?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@raspishake<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/EaeGZ921xD\">pic.twitter.com\/EaeGZ921xD<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&mdash; Giuseppe Petricca (@gmrpetricca) <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/gmrpetricca\/status\/2070466196281942238?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">June 26, 2026<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.x.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n<p lang=\"es\" dir=\"ltr\">Imagen de sat\u00e9lite Sentinel1 tomada 45 min despu\u00e9s del doblete de terremotos deja ver el movimiento de rumbo dextral de la falla Onca Ancon, l\u00edmite de la placa Sudamericana con la placa del Caribe, en el estado de Yaracuy, Venezuela \ud83c\uddfb\ud83c\uddea <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/RV5q40ORPd\">pic.twitter.com\/RV5q40ORPd<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&mdash; Geotweets (@Yobanygf) <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/Yobanygf\/status\/2070252041398612378?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">June 25, 2026<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.x.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n<p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">Biblical Venezuela quake before\/after <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/5Nn73qrQa7\">pic.twitter.com\/5Nn73qrQa7<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&mdash; RT (@RT_com) <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/RT_com\/status\/2070716997084786828?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">June 27, 2026<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.x.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n<p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">The AI for Good Lab at <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/MSFTResearch?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@MSFTResearch<\/a> now shares AI-powered damage assessment data on HDX, using satellite imagery from 25 June 2026 to map earthquake-affected buildings in Catia La Mar, Venezuela.<\/p>\n<p>Explore the data: <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/znQbbCtJ5G\">https:\/\/t.co\/znQbbCtJ5G<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/zv7N6oQmBt\">pic.twitter.com\/zv7N6oQmBt<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&mdash; OCHA Centre for Humanitarian Data (@humdata) <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/humdata\/status\/2070446743213490647?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">June 26, 2026<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.x.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n<p lang=\"es\" dir=\"ltr\">El grafico comparado de las funciones de fuente permite ver como se relacionan los sismos M7.2 y M7.5 y la duracion de dichas <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/DMHnu0OkxW\">pic.twitter.com\/DMHnu0OkxW<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&mdash; Luis Donoso (@Geo_Risk) <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/Geo_Risk\/status\/2070722612859199824?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">June 27, 2026<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.x.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n<p lang=\"es\" dir=\"ltr\">Movimiento de los sism\u00f3metros (componente vertical) al llegar las ondas s\u00edsmicas de los terremotos de 7.2 y 7.5 de Venezuela en Europa.<a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/nzWxgGmI4k\">https:\/\/t.co\/nzWxgGmI4k<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/fr231TrzLk\">pic.twitter.com\/fr231TrzLk<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&mdash; IGEO (CSIC-UCM) (@IGeociencias) <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/IGeociencias\/status\/2070407232848584932?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">June 26, 2026<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.x.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n<p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">WCK teams are delivering meals in the communities hardest hit by the earthquakes around Caracas, Venezuela. Ride along with us to witness what Venezuelans are facing today and what we&#39;re seeing on the ground. <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/hashtag\/ChefsForVenezuela?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#ChefsForVenezuela<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/hashtag\/FoodIsLife?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#FoodIsLife<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Los equipos de WCK est\u00e1n entregando\u2026 <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/sXIcjxVO1a\">pic.twitter.com\/sXIcjxVO1a<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&mdash; World Central Kitchen (@WCKitchen) <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/WCKitchen\/status\/2070643664381259849?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">June 26, 2026<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.x.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n<p lang=\"es\" dir=\"ltr\">Tras el terremoto en Venezuela, el Servicio de Gesti\u00f3n de Emergencias <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/CopernicusEMS?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@CopernicusEMS<\/a> permite evaluar los da\u00f1os v\u00eda sat\u00e9lite \ud83d\udef0\ufe0f y localizar las zonas m\u00e1s afectadas, facilitando priorizar los recursos y el despliegue de equipos en estos momentos cr\u00edticos.<a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/SRkp8SrRdO\">https:\/\/t.co\/SRkp8SrRdO<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/JAmXbpCXTo\">pic.twitter.com\/JAmXbpCXTo<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&mdash; Uni\u00f3n Europea en Venezuela \ud83c\uddea\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddfb\ud83c\uddea (@UEenVenezuela) <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/UEenVenezuela\/status\/2070829239830454524?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">June 27, 2026<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.x.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n<p lang=\"es\" dir=\"ltr\">Google ha revelado hoy los detalles sobre c\u00f3mo funcion\u00f3 su sistema de alertas de sismos durante los terremotos dobletes del d\u00eda 24 de junio de 2026 en Venezuela.<\/p>\n<p>La alerta le fue enviada a un total de 11.4 millones de dispositivos que tienen el sistema operativo Android en\u2026 <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/lF47EqxZWU\">pic.twitter.com\/lF47EqxZWU<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&mdash; HevercastroB (@HeverCastroB) <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/HeverCastroB\/status\/2071057910407295143?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">June 28, 2026<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.x.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n<p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">Sentinel-1 interferogram shows ~30 cm of coseismic deformation from <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/hashtag\/Venezuela?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#Venezuela<\/a>&#39;s Mw7.2\u20137.5 <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/hashtag\/earthquake?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#earthquake<\/a> doublet. <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/hashtag\/Copernicus?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#Copernicus<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/hashtag\/InSAR?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#InSAR<\/a><br \/>The interferogram compares Sentinel-1 acquisitions before (18 June) and after (25 June) the earthquake, revealing the coseismic deformation field\u2026 <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/quheJcrfFO\">pic.twitter.com\/quheJcrfFO<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&mdash; Amilcar Carrera-Cevallos (Earthquake) (@amilcarcasper) <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/amilcarcasper\/status\/2071682819303067907?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">June 29, 2026<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.x.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n<p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">Recently, two powerful earthquakes struck Venezuela. <\/p>\n<p>NASA satellites captured imagery and data that are supporting response efforts. This NISAR map shows how the quakes shifted the land surface. Explore more: <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/Z5QzddXuW5\">https:\/\/t.co\/Z5QzddXuW5<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/FtLsmHdAte\">pic.twitter.com\/FtLsmHdAte<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&mdash; NASA Science (@NASAScience_) <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/NASAScience_\/status\/2071671508024394130?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">June 29, 2026<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.x.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n<p lang=\"es\" dir=\"ltr\">INFOGRAF\u00cdA \u00bb <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/elpais_info?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@elpais_info<\/a> sigue el rastro de la destrucci\u00f3n tras los terremotos en Venezuela con el an\u00e1lisis fotogr\u00e1fico de las zonas afectadas: <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/V2kPlLDNct\">https:\/\/t.co\/V2kPlLDNct<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/pzZOIIPhDt\">pic.twitter.com\/pzZOIIPhDt<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&mdash; inconsolata\u00bb (@inconsolata) <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/inconsolata\/status\/2071489593820541141?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">June 29, 2026<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.x.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n<p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">Shift observed on Trinidad\u2019s shoreline after Venezuela earthquakes<\/p>\n<p>Full story for <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/AP?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@AP<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/dSfxgfgFRm\">https:\/\/t.co\/dSfxgfgFRm<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/j4U89uM4AW\">pic.twitter.com\/j4U89uM4AW<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&mdash; Anselm Gibbs (@AnselmGibbs) <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/AnselmGibbs\/status\/2071612603424460982?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">June 29, 2026<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.x.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n<p lang=\"es\" dir=\"ltr\">VIDEO | La NASA publica unas im\u00e1genes de una evaluaci\u00f3n experimental, en las que informa que 58.870 edificios est\u00e1n destruidos o tienen da\u00f1os en Venezuela tras el doble terremoto sufrido el pasado 24 de junio.<\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcf9 NASA <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/rSq2DLRJva\">pic.twitter.com\/rSq2DLRJva<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&mdash; EFE Noticias (@EFEnoticias) <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/EFEnoticias\/status\/2071728894474944712?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">June 29, 2026<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.x.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n<p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">\ud83d\uddfa\ufe0f Mapped: Venezuela | Update EU response to 7.5 M and 7.2 M earthquakes \u2b07\ufe0f<a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/hashtag\/EUSolidarity?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#EUSolidarity<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/hashtag\/VenezuelaEarthquake?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#VenezuelaEarthquake<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/NhEScb3Cew\">pic.twitter.com\/NhEScb3Cew<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&mdash; EU Civil Protection &amp; Humanitarian Aid \ud83c\uddea\ud83c\uddfa (@eu_echo) <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/eu_echo\/status\/2071848704676360585?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">June 30, 2026<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.x.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n<p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">\ud83d\udd34Update on <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/hashtag\/VenezuelaEarthquake?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#VenezuelaEarthquake<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/hashtag\/EMSR884?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#EMSR884<\/a>\ud83c\uddfb\ud83c\uddea<\/p>\n<p>Since its activation, our <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/hashtag\/MappingTeam?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#MappingTeam<\/a> has supported disaster relief efforts by delivering a total of 25 maps to assess the damage<\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udd17<a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/8WJY7Pbm2v\">https:\/\/t.co\/8WJY7Pbm2v<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udd3dDetail from the <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/hashtag\/Caraballeda?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#Caraballeda<\/a> Area of Interest, North of <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/hashtag\/Caracas?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#Caracas<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/mDJdxQpSOM\">https:\/\/t.co\/mDJdxQpSOM<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/bCUgaAwcdk\">pic.twitter.com\/bCUgaAwcdk<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&mdash; Copernicus EMS (@CopernicusEMS) <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/CopernicusEMS\/status\/2071610364320469502?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">June 29, 2026<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.x.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n<p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">Another 95 GB of satellite imagery of Venezuela was published by Vantor overnight.<\/p>\n<p>Details: <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/lLXoOvu3Xo\">https:\/\/t.co\/lLXoOvu3Xo<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/XMigb4DmZa\">pic.twitter.com\/XMigb4DmZa<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&mdash; Mark Litwintschik (@marklit82) <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/marklit82\/status\/2071849771925438784?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">June 30, 2026<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.x.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n<p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">Missing the fault motion of Tacagua fault on slip modeling? This unwrapped ifg from ascending trajectory of S1 shows surface deformation associated to the Tacagua-Avila fault in Caracas. <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/hashtag\/USGS?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#USGS<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/hashtag\/Venezuela?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#Venezuela<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/hashtag\/Sentinel?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#Sentinel<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/hashtag\/earthquake?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#earthquake<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/hashtag\/NISAR?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#NISAR<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/0LptWPWNZt\">pic.twitter.com\/0LptWPWNZt<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&mdash; Rubi M Garcia-Gonzalez (@RuMiGGonz) <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/RuMiGGonz\/status\/2071794182784782515?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">June 30, 2026<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.x.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n<p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">\ud83d\uddfa\ufe0f NEW: Following the Venezuela earthquakes, we have created a damage exposure tool consolidating satellite-derived damage assessments from <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/CopernicusEMS?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@CopernicusEMS<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/hotosm?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@hotosm<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/MSFTResearch?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@MSFTResearch<\/a> and others.<\/p>\n<p>Explore the visual: <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/md3ZRhis8v\">https:\/\/t.co\/md3ZRhis8v<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/eOhtbocdBZ\">pic.twitter.com\/eOhtbocdBZ<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&mdash; OCHA Centre for Humanitarian Data (@humdata) <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/humdata\/status\/2071971117351535028?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">June 30, 2026<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.x.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n<p lang=\"es\" dir=\"ltr\">Con 297 r\u00e9plicas M\u22652.5 registradas por FUNVISIS\/Power BI entre el 24 y el 29 de junio, el patr\u00f3n es claro: no hay una nube circular alrededor del epicentro, sino una franja ENE\u2013WSW, rumbo ~83\u00b0, de San Felipe\u2013Mor\u00f3n a La Guaira\u2013Naiguat\u00e1. <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/i4u2EaNpwk\">pic.twitter.com\/i4u2EaNpwk<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&mdash; Maxx (@simbiosisgroup) <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/simbiosisgroup\/status\/2071696069038129526?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">June 29, 2026<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.x.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n<p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">Four Sentinel-1 <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/hashtag\/InSAR?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#InSAR<\/a> tracks for the 2026 <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/hashtag\/Venezuela?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#Venezuela<\/a> doublet <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/hashtag\/earthquake?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#earthquake<\/a>. Deformation is mainly distributed along the Bocon\u00f3\u2013San Sebasti\u00e1n fault, with a relatively simple pattern. A complex rupture process remains possible, but needs further seismic modelling. <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/EpidQAceQ2\">pic.twitter.com\/EpidQAceQ2<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&mdash; Zhenjiang Liu (@zhenjiangliu4) <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/zhenjiangliu4\/status\/2072174080636362838?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">July 1, 2026<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.x.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n<p lang=\"es\" dir=\"ltr\">\u00bfC\u00f3mo est\u00e1n evolucionando las r\u00e9plicas del doble terremoto de Venezuela?<\/p>\n<p>En el mapa (fig. 1), todos los terremotos registrados se proyectan en la l\u00ednea temporal situada debajo del panel principal, lo que ofrece una visi\u00f3n clara de c\u00f3mo ha evolucionado la actividad s\u00edsmica a lo\u2026 <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/bGqlXGtJzd\">pic.twitter.com\/bGqlXGtJzd<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&mdash; Amilcar Carrera-Cevallos (Earthquake) (@amilcarcasper) <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/amilcarcasper\/status\/2072750958166106407?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">July 2, 2026<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.x.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n<p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">What do the satellite images tell us?<\/p>\n<p>Let us now examine one of the primary datasets used to constrain the finite-fault slip model: Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) (Fig. 3). The image below, acquired by NASA\u2019s recently launched NISAR mission, shows ground\u2026 <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/LfBO2kJ3vN\">pic.twitter.com\/LfBO2kJ3vN<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&mdash; Amilcar Carrera-Cevallos (Earthquake) (@amilcarcasper) <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/amilcarcasper\/status\/2072749388242276834?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">July 2, 2026<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.x.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n<p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">Venezuela\u2019s double earthquake struck faults scientists had flagged<br \/>Centuries of strain had built up on faults in the region, making them overdue for a major rupture<a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/e248H4ABgV\">https:\/\/t.co\/e248H4ABgV<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/c8xUjcszMU\">pic.twitter.com\/c8xUjcszMU<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&mdash; Jos\u00e9 R. Ribeiro (@JoseRodRibeiro) <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/JoseRodRibeiro\/status\/2073343097962950806?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">July 4, 2026<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.x.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n<p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">6,5 a 6,7 (1967) vs <br \/>7,2 a 7,5 (2026)<a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/hashtag\/caracas?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#caracas<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/hashtag\/3jul?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#3jul<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/hashtag\/VenezuelaNoEst%C3%A1Sola?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#VenezuelaNoEst\u00e1Sola<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/nXlx0QTOVv\">pic.twitter.com\/nXlx0QTOVv<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&mdash; Edgar Jose (@geologochacin) <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/geologochacin\/status\/2073113307095994664?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">July 3, 2026<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.x.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n<p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">Updated slip model obtained using regional seismological data alone (stations in Colombia, the Caribbean, etc.) for the Venezuela earthquake of June 24, 2026, considered here as a single event.<\/p>\n<p>More text detail on Linkedin : <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/yyrZNl9K5l\">https:\/\/t.co\/yyrZNl9K5l<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/sGcE4bIkyv\">pic.twitter.com\/sGcE4bIkyv<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&mdash; Bertrand Delouis (@BertrandDelouis) <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/BertrandDelouis\/status\/2073350012461813863?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">July 4, 2026<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.x.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n<p lang=\"es\" dir=\"ltr\">ACTUALIZACI\u00d3N | REPORTE S\u00cdSMICO N.\u00b0 9 | Norte de Venezuela | 02 de julio de 2026 \u2013 21:00 h CEST \/ 15:00 VET <\/p>\n<p>Hoy he estado evaluando y esperando a ver si hab\u00eda alg\u00fan aumento en las magnitudes de los eventos, pero a excepci\u00f3n de San Felipe, la situaci\u00f3n se mantiene igual al\u2026 <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/w7ExasqJcP\">pic.twitter.com\/w7ExasqJcP<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&mdash; Luiraima (@lui_regresa) <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/lui_regresa\/status\/2073144131426119735?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">July 3, 2026<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.x.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n<p lang=\"es\" dir=\"ltr\">Tuvo una alta magnitud, larga duraci\u00f3n, poca profundidad y una ruptura, o deslizamiento horizontal, con caracter\u00edsticas que agravaron el fen\u00f3meno, le dijo Rafael Abreu, geof\u00edsico del Servicio Geol\u00f3gico de EEUU a BBC<a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/wkd4sAN6qu\">https:\/\/t.co\/wkd4sAN6qu<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/8scbAlCABE\">pic.twitter.com\/8scbAlCABE<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&mdash; Jeanfreddy Guti\u00e9rrez Torres (@jeanfreddy) <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/jeanfreddy\/status\/2073465653160239343?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">July 4, 2026<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.x.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n<p lang=\"es\" dir=\"ltr\">La Guaira. Muchos edificios no colapsaron, pero quedaron inhabitables. Hablan de que reconstruir el Estado podr\u00eda superar los 37.000 millones de d\u00f3lares y Tareck El Aissami fue acusado de corrupci\u00f3n por 23.000 millones de d\u00f3lares. La plata para reconstruir si existe. Y entre\u2026 <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/GcDGONebPg\">pic.twitter.com\/GcDGONebPg<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&mdash; Alexa G\u00f3mez (@AlexaGomezDos) <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/AlexaGomezDos\/status\/2073873162631102660?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">July 5, 2026<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.x.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n<p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">Two powerful earthquakes struck northern Venezuela on June 24, 2026.<\/p>\n<p>Satellite-based maps of ground displacement reveal how the land surface moved, providing insight into the forces behind the severe destruction. Let\u2019s take a closer look at the map \ud83d\udc47 <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/2jAosz2ER8\">pic.twitter.com\/2jAosz2ER8<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&mdash; NASA Earth (@NASAEarth) <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/NASAEarth\/status\/2075660895007482247?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">July 10, 2026<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.x.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n<p lang=\"es\" dir=\"ltr\">El movimiento de la losa que reposa en el puente sobre el r\u00edo La Llamada, en la guaira se movi\u00f3 por la vibraci\u00f3n de la onda s\u00edsmica, este movimiento fue perpendicular a la falla de San Sebasti\u00e1n. <br \/>Anexo la imagen. <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/hashtag\/VenezuelaNoEst%C3%A1Sola?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#VenezuelaNoEst\u00e1Sola<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/hashtag\/12jul?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#12jul<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/hashtag\/venezuelaporlavida?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#venezuelaporlavida<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/L4BL80l29G\">pic.twitter.com\/L4BL80l29G<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&mdash; Edgar Jose (@geologochacin) <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/geologochacin\/status\/2076452638325878900?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">July 12, 2026<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.x.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n<p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">Swimming pool shook violently as a powerful 7.5 magnitude earthquake struck Venezuela <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/NAYiADWcc3\">pic.twitter.com\/NAYiADWcc3<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&mdash; Surajit (@surajit_ghosh2) <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/surajit_ghosh2\/status\/2077425918994481489?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">July 15, 2026<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.x.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n<p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">Temporal evolution of the aftershock sequence following the seismic doublet in <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/hashtag\/Venezuela?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#Venezuela<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>The catalog shows a gradual decline in activity, consistent with the expected relaxation phase of a seismic sequence. The largest aftershock recorded so far reached M5.0 (June 27); no\u2026 <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/K0srG8T3Y0\">pic.twitter.com\/K0srG8T3Y0<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&mdash; Amilcar Carrera-Cevallos (Earthquake) (@amilcarcasper) <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/amilcarcasper\/status\/2079715180024414259?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">July 21, 2026<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.x.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<H2><strong><font color=\"orange\">References:<\/font><\/strong><\/H2><\/p>\n<p><H3>Basic &#038; General References<\/H3><\/p>\n<li>Frisch, W., Meschede, M., Blakey, R., 2011. Plate Tectonics, Springer-Verlag, London, 213 pp.<\/li>\n<li>Hayes, G., 2018, Slab2 &#8211; A Comprehensive Subduction Zone Geometry Model: U.S. Geological Survey data release, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5066\/F7PV6JNV\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5066\/F7PV6JNV<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Holt, W. E., C. Kreemer, A. J. Haines, L. Estey, C. Meertens, G. Blewitt, and D. Lavallee (2005), Project helps constrain continental dynamics and seismic hazards, Eos Trans. AGU, 86(41), 383\u2013387, , <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2005EO410002\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2005EO410002<\/a>. \/li>\n<li>Jessee, M.A.N., Hamburger, M. W., Allstadt, K., Wald, D. J., Robeson, S. M., Tanyas, H., et al. (2018). A global empirical model for near-real-time assessment of seismically induced landslides. Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 123, 1835\u20131859. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2017JF004494\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2017JF004494<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Kreemer, C., J. Haines, W. Holt, G. Blewitt, and D. Lavallee (2000), On the determination of a global strain rate model, Geophys. J. Int., 52(10), 765\u2013770. <\/li>\n<li>Kreemer, C., W. E. Holt, and A. J. Haines (2003), An integrated global model of present-day plate motions and plate boundary deformation, Geophys. J. Int., 154(1), 8\u201334, , <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1365-246X.2003.01917.x\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1365-246X.2003.01917.x<\/a>. <\/li>\n<li>Kreemer, C., G. Blewitt, E.C. Klein, 2014. A geodetic plate motion and Global Strain Rate Model in Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 15, p. 3849-3889, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/2014GC005407\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/2014GC005407<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Meyer, B., Saltus, R., Chulliat, a., 2017. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ngdc.noaa.gov\/geomag\/emag2.html\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">EMAG2: Earth Magnetic Anomaly Grid (2-arc-minute resolution) Version <\/a>3. National Centers for Environmental Information, NOAA. Model. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7289\/V5H70CVX\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7289\/V5H70CVX<\/a><\/li>\n<li>M\u00fcller, R.D., Sdrolias, M., Gaina, C. and Roest, W.R., 2008, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.earthbyte.org\/people\/dietmar\/Pdf\/Muller_etal_age_rate_asym_G3_2008.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Age spreading rates and spreading asymmetry of the world&#8217;s ocean crust<\/a> in Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 9, Q04006, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2007GC001743\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2007GC001743<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Pagani,M. , J. Garcia-Pelaez, R. Gee, K. Johnson, V. Poggi, R. Styron, G. Weatherill, M. Simionato, D. Vigan\u00f2, L. Danciu, D. Monelli (2018). Global Earthquake Model (GEM) Seismic Hazard Map (version 2018.1 &#8211; December 2018), DOI: 10.13117\/GEM-GLOBAL-SEISMIC-HAZARD-MAP-2018.1<\/li>\n<li>Silva, V ., D Amo-Oduro, A Calderon, J Dabbeek, V Despotaki, L Martins, A Rao, M Simionato, D Vigan\u00f2, C Yepes, A Acevedo, N Horspool, H Crowley, K Jaiswal, M Journeay, M Pittore, 2018. Global Earthquake Model (GEM) Seismic Risk Map (version 2018.1). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13117\/GEM-GLOBAL-SEISMIC-RISK-MAP-2018.1\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13117\/GEM-GLOBAL-SEISMIC-RISK-MAP-2018.1<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Storchak, D. A., D. Di Giacomo, I. Bond\u00e1r, E. R. Engdahl, J. Harris, W. H. K. Lee, A. Villase\u00f1or, and P. Bormann (2013), Public release of the ISC-GEM global instrumental earthquake catalogue (1900\u20132009), Seismol. Res. Lett., 84(5), 810\u2013815, doi:10.1785\/0220130034.<\/li>\n<li>Zhu, J., Baise, L. G., Thompson, E. M., 2017, An Updated Geospatial Liquefaction Model for Global Application, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 107, p 1365-1385, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/0.1785\/0120160198\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/doi.org\/0.1785\/0120160198<\/a><\/li>\n<p><H3>Specific References<\/H3><\/p>\n<li>Audemard, F.A., Machette, M.N., Cox, J.W., Dart, R.L., and Haller, K.M., 2000. Map and Database of Quaternary Faults in Venezuela and its Offshore Regions, USGS Open File Report 00-018<\/li>\n<li>Audemard M., F.A., Singer P., A., Soulas, J-P., and the Neotectonics Section of the Funvisis Earth Sciences Department, 2006. Quaternary Faults and Stress Regime of Venezuela in Rev. Asoc. Geol. Argent., vol. 61, no.4, <a href=\"https:\/\/revista.geologica.org.ar\/raga\/article\/view\/1217\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/revista.geologica.org.ar\/raga\/article\/view\/1217<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Beltran, L.P. Vassallo, F. Audemard, F. Jouanne, J. Carcaillet, E. Pathier, and M. Volat (2017), Pleistocene slip rates on the Bocon\u00f3 fault along the North Andean Block plate boundary, Venezuela, Tectonics, 6, 1207\u20131231, <a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/2016TC004305\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/2016TC004305<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Beltran, L.P., Vassallo, R., Audemard, F., Jouanne, F., Oropeza, J., Garambois, S., and Aray, J., 2018. Earthquake geology of the last millennium along the Bocon\u00f3 Fault, Venezuela in Tectonophysics, Volumes 747\u2013748, p. 40-53, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tecto.2018.09.010\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tecto.2018.09.010<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Casco, A.G., Fernandez, J.A.P., Iturralde-Vinent, M.A., 2011. Subduction Zones of the Caribbean: the sedimentary, magmatic, metamorphic and ore-deposit records UNESCO\/iugs igcp Project 546 Subduction Zones of the Caribbean in Vol. 9 No. 3-4 (2011): Subduction Zones of the Caribbean: The sedimentary, magmatic, metamorphic and ore-deposit records (UNESCO\/IUGS IGCP), <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1344\/105.000001745\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1344\/105.000001745<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Cazenave, M., Jean Roger, M\u00e9lody Philippon, Franck Audemard, and Delouis, B., 2026. The tsunami triggered by the 24 June 2026 Venezuela earthquakes: tectonic context and tsunami modelling in Pure and Applied Geophysics, preprint <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21203\/rs.3.rs-10607566\/v1\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21203\/rs.3.rs-10607566\/v1<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Col\u00f3n, D., F.A. Audemard, C. Beck, J. Avila, C. Padr\u00f3n, M. De Batist, M. Paolini, A.F. Leal, A. Van Welden, 2015. The 1900\u00a0Mw 7.6 earthquake offshore north\u2013central Venezuela: Is La Tortuga or San Sebasti\u00e1n the source fault? in Marine and Petroleum Geology, vol. 67, p. 498-511, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.marpetgeo.2015.06.005.\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.marpetgeo.2015.06.005.<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Jouanne, F., Audemard, F.A., Beckm, C., Van Welden, A., Ollarves, R., and Reinoz, C., 2011. Present-day deformation along the El Pilar Fault in eastern Venezuela: Evidence of creep along a major transform boundary in Journal of Geodynamics, v. 51., p. 398-410, doi:10.1016\/j.jog.2010.11.003 <\/li>\n<li>Meyer, B., Saltus, R., Chulliat, a., 2017. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ngdc.noaa.gov\/geomag\/emag2.html\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">EMAG2: Earth Magnetic Anomaly Grid (2-arc-minute resolution) Version <\/a>3. National Centers for Environmental Information, NOAA. Model. doi:10.7289\/V5H70CVX<\/li>\n<li>Petersen, M.D., Stephen C. Harmsen, Kishor S. Jaiswal, Kenneth S. Rukstales, Nicolas Luco, Kathleen M. Haller, Charles S. Mueller, Allison M. Shumway; Seismic Hazard, Risk, and Design for South America in Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 108, no. 2, p. 781\u2013800, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1785\/0120170002\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1785\/0120170002<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Pindell, J.L. and Kennan, L., 2009. Tectonic evolution of the Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean and northern South America in the mantle reference frame: an update in JAMES, K. H., LORENTE, M. A. &#038; PINDELL, J. L. (eds) The Origin and Evolution of the Caribbean Plate. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 328, 1\u201355.<br \/>\nDOI: 10.1144\/SP328.1<\/li>\n<li>Reinoza, C., F. Jouanne, F. A. Audemard, M. Schmitz, and C. Beck (2015), Geodetic exploration of strain along the El Pilar Fault in northeastern Venezuela, J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth, 120, 1993\u2013 2013, doi:10.1002\/2014JB011483.<\/li>\n<li>algado-G\u00e1lvez, M. A., M. Ordaz, S. K. Singh, X. P\u00e9rezCampos, B. Huerta, P. Bazzurro, and E. Fag\u00e0 (2022). A Caribbean and Central America Seismic Hazard Model for Sovereign Parametric Insurance Coverage in BSSA, v. 113, p. 1\u201322, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1785\/0120220117\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1785\/0120220117<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Symithe, S., E. Calais, J. B. de Chabalier, R. Robertson, and M. Higgins, 2015. Current block motions and strain accumulation on active faults in the Caribbean, J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth, v. 120, p. 3748\u20133774, <a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/2014JB011779\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/2014JB011779<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><H2><font color=\"orange\"><strong>Return to the <a href=\"http:\/\/earthjay.com\/?page_id=3218\">Earthquake Reports page<\/a>.<\/font><\/strong><\/H2><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Sorted by <a href=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/?page_id=3219\">Magnitude<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Sorted by <a href=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/?page_id=3220\">Year<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Sorted by <a href=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/?page_id=9351\">Day of the Year<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Sorted By <a href=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/?page_id=3226\">Region<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- time to complete: 6.25 hours -- 10:00 - 16:15--><\/p>\n<p><!--\n\u00b0\n\u2265\n\u00d1\n\u00f6\n\u00e1\n\u00b1\n\n\n\n\n<ul>\n\t\n\n<li><\/li>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<blockquote>\n\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<ul>\n\t\n\n<li><\/li>\n\n\n\n<a href=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\" width=\"100%\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a>\n\n\n\n\n<blockquote>\n\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"entry-summary\">\nI have been quite busy doing some fault trenching in northern California (in the region of the Mendocino triple junction) and have been at a few workshops and meetings. SO, I have been trying to catch up on these Earthquake&hellip;\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/?p=12688\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &ldquo;Earthquake Report: M 7.5 Venezuela&rdquo;<\/span>&hellip;<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":12694,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/20260624_venezuela_interpretation-scaled.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12688"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=12688"}],"version-history":[{"count":32,"href":"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12688\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12727,"href":"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12688\/revisions\/12727"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/12694"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=12688"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=12688"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/earthjay.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=12688"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}