Tsunami Report: Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai Volcanic Eruption & Tsunami

I will be filling this in over the next few days and wanted to start collating social media materials for this event.

There was a large volcanic eruption in the Tonga region. This eruption was observable from satellites and has generated a modest but observable tsunami from Australia to the United States.

This event is still unfolding and it will take months until we have a deeper understanding of the causes for the tsunami. We know it is related to the explosive volcanic eruption from Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai, about 55 kms (35 miles) northwest of the largest island of the Kingdom of Tonga, Tongatapu.

I will continue to fill in details. I am currently busy trying to manage our tsunami event response and am learning lots in the process. However, this delays my time available here.

This week, CGS sent teams to various harbors & beaches on the California coast to collect measurements, photos, & videos documenting the effects of the Jan. 15 #tsunami from Tonga. This info helps us understand how future tsunami might impact our coastal harbors & communities. pic.twitter.com/xGa8zmNNNs

— California Geological Survey (@CAGeoSurvey) January 21, 2022

#Tonga #Tsunami January 15 2022
Summary of effects in California, and the state's response – Visit the DOC’s CGS @CalConservation @CAGeoSurvey website to learn more about the impact to #California and to stay updated over time: https://t.co/Fp42JRXYmz pic.twitter.com/ldJ7QTKeI2

— California Geological Survey (@CAGeoSurvey) February 2, 2022

After two weeks of work I can finally share my 3D reconstruction of the gigantic ash cloud from the January 15 Hunga #Tonga-Hunga-Ha'apai #eruption

Parts likely reached *close to 60km* according to my reconstruction, that's beyond the stratosphere and inside the mesosphere!🧵 pic.twitter.com/qMzPSjZj7P

— Simeon Schmauß (@stim3on) February 2, 2022

It is incredible to see how the #Andes bounced back part of the #Tonga atmospheric Lamb wave on its first cross over South America!. Here depicted with signal processed IR data from the GOES 16 geostationary satellite pic.twitter.com/OLM0MD0neO

— diego aliaga (@diegoaliaga2) January 28, 2022

Below there are many tweets etc. and one may feel like they are scrolling forever. These tweets are loosely organized into several sections.

1. Background Material
2. Tsunami Notifications
3. Tsunami Education
4. Tsunami Observations
5. Tsunami Modeling
6. Volcano Eruption Observations
7. Fascinating Observations

Background Material

Excellent thread on how you can best help disaster relief efforts (and why) from someone who knows from professional experience. Donate $ (not 👠s) to reputable relief organizations. This is true for most disaster relief. https://t.co/zj6AIUuCZC

— Tim Dawson (@timblor) January 16, 2022

Here's my radio interview on KCBS today.https://t.co/mwAnGWqy59

— Jason "Jay" R. Patton (@patton_cascadia) January 16, 2022

What lies beneath? Revealing the massive Hunga #caldera (5km diameter) below the water line, 3D model using elevation data @theAGU + bathymetrics @NOAA #Tonga #Blender pic.twitter.com/PmpVOfX8HD

— frédérik ruys (@fruys) January 16, 2022

This is a truly excellent short article by @LoriDengler about yesterday’s #tsunami and eruption event. It makes it clear just how unique this was, and why the @NWS_NTWC folks had to improvise (brilliantly) to get the alert out. https://t.co/meypb1w2k9

— Harold Tobin (@Harold_Tobin) January 16, 2022

This is a small volcanic island but below the ocean the volcano is huge at around 1.8 km high and 20km wide. Much of the 2014-15 cone is now gone. Read more about what we know by @scronin70: https://t.co/nMNQYGcLDw pic.twitter.com/Ejn3z6e1I4

— Dr Janine Krippner (@janinekrippner) January 15, 2022

Scientists said the volcano had been puffing away for about a month before rising magma, superheated to around 1,000 degrees Celsius (1,832 Fahrenheit), met with 20 degree (68 Fahrenheit) seawater on Saturday, causing an instantaneous and massive explosion pic.twitter.com/iNVC2tB3XM

— Reuters (@Reuters) January 19, 2022

An underwater volcano off Tonga erupted on Jan. 15, triggering tsunami warnings and evacuation orders in Japan and causing large waves in several South Pacific islands, where footage on social media showed waves crashing into coastal homes pic.twitter.com/L7uzK59jG7

— Reuters (@Reuters) January 19, 2022

Observations from Japan on why the far-field tsunami was likely triggered by air-sea coupling, not the standard shallow-water wave propagation from the source. https://t.co/70O5V095Xs

— Harold Tobin (@Harold_Tobin) January 20, 2022

Why the ocean depth of the Hunga Tonga caldera created the 'sweet spot' that produced such an explosive eruption.

Graphic based on research by @scronin70 https://t.co/D8ZBpAQkql pic.twitter.com/3gkDDZIqzm

— Alistair Hamill (@lcgeography) January 21, 2022

Lessons from the Tonga Tsunami https://t.co/ZYPy87AzKW

— CREW.org (@CascadiaEQ) January 25, 2022

New preprint out on ESSOAr – "Tonga eruption triggered waves propagating globally from surface to edge of space" – in which we look at the deeply unusual atmospheric waves generated by the recent Hunga Tonga eurption. pic.twitter.com/IJfMgb1Bt9

— Corwin Wright (@CorwinWright) March 3, 2022

Tsunami Notifications

*** California is in a NWS Tsunami "Advisory" –
"If a tsunami does impact California, it is unlikely it will be a large tsunami but possibly in the Advisory range (0.3m to 1m) and it could arrive at about 0700AM Pacific time according to the NTWC." https://t.co/ioUmU0Yrd3 https://t.co/0b8aE12CV5

— California Geological Survey (@CAGeoSurvey) January 15, 2022

#Tsunami potential #AmericanSamoa #VolcanicEruption https://t.co/6bL0wRlNmX pic.twitter.com/QqLXC79pQK

— Jason "Jay" R. Patton (@patton_cascadia) January 15, 2022

#TsunamiReport for #TsunamiAdvisory for the west coast of the USA & #Canada #Alaska #BritishColumbia #Washington #Oregon #California

see https://t.co/rEduVE2EDc for more updates and recommendations pic.twitter.com/gLkB833R22

— Jason "Jay" R. Patton (@patton_cascadia) January 15, 2022

#TsunamiAdvisory remains in effect for the #WestCoast, with peak tsunami wave heights of 1 to 3 feet possible. Main impacts expect to be strong rip currents and coastal flooding of some immediate coastal low-lying areas. #CAwx

— NWS Eureka (@NWSEureka) January 15, 2022

#Tsunami expect to reach #SanFrancisco around 8:10 am this morning, which will correspond with #HighTide for #SanFrancisco at 9:09 am. Expect low lying inundation and minor flooding possible, especially for areas like #MarinHeadlands. #Cawx pic.twitter.com/PoR3WYZ13D

— NWS Bay Area (@NWSBayArea) January 15, 2022

#Tsunami expect to reach #SanFrancisco around 8:10 am this morning, which will correspond with #HighTide for #SanFrancisco at 9:09 am. Expect low lying inundation and minor flooding possible, especially for areas like #MarinHeadlands. #Cawx pic.twitter.com/PoR3WYZ13D

— NWS Bay Area (@NWSBayArea) January 15, 2022

#TsunamiAdvisory remains in effect for the #WestCoast, with peak tsunami wave heights of 1 to 2 feet possible. Main impacts expect to be strong rip currents, coastal flooding, and inundation of low lying areas is possible. Move to higher ground. #CAwx

— NWS Bay Area (@NWSBayArea) January 15, 2022

A Tsunami Advisory has been issued for Humboldt Co. due to volcanic activity in the S. Pacific. A tsunami capable of producing strong currents that may be hazardous to swimmers, boats and coastal structures is expected beginning 7:30-8 a.m. Widespread inundation is not expected.

— Humboldt Co OES (@HumCoOES) January 15, 2022

Wow. Evacuation orders for Berkeley and Albany west of hwy. pic.twitter.com/dRvaSkCLwa

— Cian Dawson 🏳️‍🌈 (@cbdawson) January 15, 2022

#SF remains in a Tsunami Advisory Strong, dangerous currents WILL be present. Stay out of water and away from coastal areas. pic.twitter.com/nMYm0wxvPA

— SAN FRANCISCO FIRE DEPARTMENT MEDIA (@SFFDPIO) January 15, 2022

We continue to monitor the #Tsunami closely. Please listen to local advisories — stay safe and off beaches that are under a warning. https://t.co/M1QdOhBleG

— Gavin Newsom (@GavinNewsom) January 15, 2022

Great resource for the #Tongaeruption tsunami arrival times, amplitudes, and r/t tide gauge observations.https://t.co/XOESHxHSuX pic.twitter.com/StO7eQo4Dh

— Peter de Menocal (@PdeMenocal) January 15, 2022

I did an interview about an hour ago summarizing what's going on for Washington coastal areas. #tsunami https://t.co/V3qFtCFTkH

— Harold Tobin (@Harold_Tobin) January 15, 2022

#TsunamiReport for the #TongaVolcano #TongaTsunami

observations of #Tsunami in the #Caribbean #Atlantic #GulfOfMexico

no action required

from https://t.co/aru28Yj21B

use https://t.co/rEduVE2EDc to see notifications and recommendations pic.twitter.com/OrhBzGOASY

— Jason "Jay" R. Patton (@patton_cascadia) January 15, 2022

#TsunamiReport for #TongaTsunami #Tsunami advisories have all been cancelled for the west coast of the US & Hawai'i from https://t.co/rEduVE2EDc

the [#mostimportant] first level Blooms Taxonomy for learning = #Discovery

this event will not disappoint in this regard #StayTuned https://t.co/z8LpWAAOI7 pic.twitter.com/4zSgmpH9rX

— Jason "Jay" R. Patton (@patton_cascadia) January 16, 2022

Update from Tongans on FB… clean up begins, #tsunami alert remains, masks advised. Stay safe, stay alert 🙏 #Tonga #tsunamitonga #TongaVolcano pic.twitter.com/GGxIw0Kw0u

— Josephine Latu-Sanft (@JoLatuSanft) January 16, 2022

There has been another eruption from the volcano in Tonga.
However, based on the latest information, there is NO TSUNAMI THREAT for American Samoa at this time.
Because this volcano remains active, please stay tuned for further updates.

— National Weather Service WSO Pago Pago (@NWSPagoPago) January 16, 2022

Tonga Volcanic Eruption and Tsunami: World Bank Disaster Assessment Report Estimates Damages at US$90M https://t.co/bx6Iq5VTyb via @WorldBank

— Jason "Jay" R. Patton (@patton_cascadia) March 7, 2022

Tsunami | Volcano Education

➡️https://t.co/ZDdvztAIKj https://t.co/oNuTw3G5s9 pic.twitter.com/LsA3PfAoJq

— California Geological Survey (@CAGeoSurvey) January 17, 2022

A #Tsunami Advisory means: a dangerous wave is on the way. Strong and unusual currents are expected along the coast, and in bays, marinas, and harbors. Move to high ground and away from the shore. More at https://t.co/npoUHxEZLS. pic.twitter.com/MCLDdN9qPp

— NWS Tsunami Alerts (@NWS_NTWC) January 15, 2022

#Tsunami INFO
What boaters should know brochure for CA:https://t.co/OWXiUYuAhg

CA Tsunami Preparedness Guide website: https://t.co/UB3BAS55Pz

— Nick Graehl (@nickgraehl) January 15, 2022

yes, don't forget to check out the #Tsunami Hazard Areas (where people might want to evacuate from during a tsunami event) for #California are available at https://t.co/9LPXadKWEi

these are produced by the #CaliforniaTsunamiProgram a collaboration between @Cal_OES & @CAGeoSurvey pic.twitter.com/IaC13oef9b

— Jason "Jay" R. Patton (@patton_cascadia) January 15, 2022

There are a number of #Tsunami HAZARDS that could directly impact harbors and boaters:
> Strong and unpredictable currents, especially where there are narrow entrances, narrow openings, and other narrow parts of harbor.

continued… pic.twitter.com/1BRSOnjmYC

— Nick Graehl (@nickgraehl) January 15, 2022

If you want to interact with all the tide gage data, here’s the NOAA interactive website that is pretty great!https://t.co/2SsAokmaB3 https://t.co/PMMLH35BJv pic.twitter.com/6nrXmekebL

— Ryan Hollister (@phaneritic) January 15, 2022

Tsunami arrival + high tide = maximum wave run-ups pic.twitter.com/6mjQltYO45

— Brian Olson (@mrbrianolson) January 15, 2022

The #tsunami warning centers post all their messages to https://t.co/Em3fOFG82S. If you live on the US West Coast, Alaska, or British Columbia, make sure you check the messages for your region. pic.twitter.com/AJtJN9oZWg

— Dr. Amy Williamson-Liuzzo (@AWilliamsonSci) January 15, 2022

If you're having a hard time interpreting news about this tsunami advisory — what the danger is and where — @DaveSnider breaks it down really well in this video on the warning center's facebook page.https://t.co/tHsstcS5xl

— Ian Dickson (@IanJDickson) January 15, 2022

First signs of damage in the upper harbor. #santacruz. pic.twitter.com/p26hdpnSOn

— Tim Cattera Photo (@TimCatteraPhoto) January 15, 2022

The Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai volcanic eruption was heard here in Alaska starting around 3:30 a.m. – 6,000 miles from the volcano! Infrasound measurements from the @alaska_avo confirm that it was indeed coincident with the volcanic pressure wave. Special thanks to Dr. David Fee. pic.twitter.com/Wp4tnwiaud

— NWS Alaska Region (@NWSAlaska) January 15, 2022

2. Tsunamis are not one wave. It's more like sloshing and that sloshing can continue for a day. Just because the first wave has passed, it is not time to go see the beach.
3. Much tsunami damage happens in ports because of the currents. Moving water has huge momentum.
[2/2]

— Dr. Lucy Jones (@DrLucyJones) January 15, 2022

Don't be these people. Today is not the day for it. Stay off the coastal beaches and jetties. #wawx pic.twitter.com/4o0fhpJei8

— NWS Seattle (@NWSSeattle) January 15, 2022

Wondering why you didn't get an alert about the #Tonga tsunami and the #TsunamiAdvisory in WA this morning? There are many ways to get tsunami alerts and it's best to be signed up for many kinds! Learn more about tsunami alerts (and other hazard alerts) at https://t.co/iU0UZFRnC2 pic.twitter.com/aRkJ2CKB32

— Washington ShakeOut (@waShakeOut) January 15, 2022

After checking with @LoriDengler, I think that today is the first-ever Pacific-wide #tsunami alert from a volcanic eruption. Interestingly, the warning center needed an earthquake magnitude to issue the bulletin. So they made one up: mag 0.1! (Now changed to mag 1) pic.twitter.com/znjfUa1o3S

— Harold Tobin (@Harold_Tobin) January 15, 2022

This was not your run of the mill way a #tsunami is generated. Most often its from plates shifting abruptly on the sea floor. This tsunami was essentially caused by a massive underwater explosion of molten rock and lava that displaced the water above it. pic.twitter.com/JyLwZYHcRp

— NWS Los Angeles (@NWSLosAngeles) January 15, 2022

Not sure I have ever seen this before. My @noaaocean colleague just flagged this. The pressure wave caused by the #TongaVolcano is also actually causing a tsunami – in this case a meteotsunami of about 10cm in Puerto Rico. Wild. pic.twitter.com/EapEuNhjB5

— Greg Dusek (@DrGregDusek) January 15, 2022

A #volcano just erupted near #Tonga – but why was it there in the first place?

Tonga sits on top of the #TongaKermadec #subductionzone, where the #PacificPlate sinks below the #AustralianPlate.

The subducting #PacificPlate carries the culprit into the mantle: #water. 🧵1/3 https://t.co/Z1ORgcBK5l pic.twitter.com/XN5cUCT8Yg

— Dr. Judith Hubbard (@JudithGeology) January 15, 2022

Fascinating part of the tsunami warning process today: This wasn't an earthquake, so the tsunami warnings were sent out with a default magnitude of 1. Shows that our whole system is set up for earthquake tsunamis. 1/2 pic.twitter.com/pwsBuicyyX

— Jackie Caplan-Auerbach (@geophysichick) January 16, 2022

Be #prepared for tsunamis.
A few sample sites for information:#EMBC: https://t.co/nbn6eGEhye
CRD #yyj: https://t.co/6yVbOlZeRD
Alberni: https://t.co/VWxLMdPtF1
Tofino: https://t.co/lvoZGmhTK8
Most important – check with, and follow the advice of your local emergency managers! pic.twitter.com/LURr5aFH3S

— John Cassidy (@earthquakeguy) January 16, 2022

If you’re not already following all these great folks, then do yourself a favour and follow them.

I’d also add to the list:@heatherkhandley @SquigglyVolcano @Volcanologist @VolcanoDoc@scarlett_jazmin@simoncarn https://t.co/RrfVVNGmQf

— Mark Tingay (@CriticalStress_) January 17, 2022

Interactive Tsunami Flood Risk Map Asks: Are You in the Zone? https://t.co/WnvKidKNjE

— Jason "Jay" R. Patton (@patton_cascadia) January 17, 2022

Great questions here about hydrophones as a tool to monitor submarine volcanism. This is my favorite topic, so @syabilazriAS is going to get a longer answer than maybe was desired. 😆🧵 https://t.co/VcbgmUEnZn

— Jackie Caplan-Auerbach (@geophysichick) January 18, 2022

The highest concentration of sulfur dioxide (SO2) in the world right now is over the Pacific 📈

This is associated with the eruption of the Hunga-Tonga-Hunga-Ha'apai volcano 🌋

🧵 on what this means… pic.twitter.com/yjgT0yWdL8

— NIWA Weather (@NiwaWeather) January 17, 2022

For additional information on #TsunamiPrep check out "The TsunamiZone" @thetsunamizone and https://t.co/o336WXPPqj pic.twitter.com/dE1QT3QSPc

— California Geological Survey (@CAGeoSurvey) January 17, 2022

Tsunami Observations

USA (CA)

High tide is around 9:30 AM along the Northwest California coast. Even though the initial wave is expected 7:30 AM to 8 AM, additional waves and strong currents will continue. As much as 3 feet of tsunami wave is expected. Stay back from the beaches and lowest-lying areas. #CAwx pic.twitter.com/BmoCVtJc2f

— NWS Eureka (@NWSEureka) January 15, 2022

WATCH: Tsunami from Tonga volcano eruption starting to cause minor flooding in Santa Cruz, California pic.twitter.com/ELq8IKMEUV

— BNO News (@BNONews) January 15, 2022

tsunami waves & high tide sloshing around west cliff. #MitchellsCove pic.twitter.com/yW2GLnFWzp

— Dustin Mulvaney (@DustinMulvaney) January 15, 2022

Monterey Tide Station #Tsunami
The first surge may not be the largest. In other locations today, the largest surge came much later than the first arrival time. In Monterey, CA it may have 2.5 feet above high-tide conditions, similar to a King Tide event. pic.twitter.com/3h7cpXiPZr

— Nick Graehl (@nickgraehl) January 15, 2022

#Tsunami observation update:
A Tsunami is occurring. Remember- the first wave may not be that largest. Move away from the shore and head to high ground. https://t.co/npoUHxEZLS pic.twitter.com/HmXl5cyIkr

— NWS Tsunami Alerts (@NWS_NTWC) January 15, 2022

Tsunami energy arriving at Del Monte Beach. Wave run up onto the beach is impressive. I'm safely distanced, but I saw other folks have to scramble when the waves unexpectedly reached them. Follow @NWSBayArea for #tsunami safety info. pic.twitter.com/JRl2XsTftI

— Brooke Bingaman (@BrookeBingaman) January 15, 2022

Seeing some surges on the Port San Luis tsunami gauge. Reporting up to a 24 cm residual so far. That's 9.4 inches or about 19 inches from the bottom and top of the residual. More at https://t.co/SGd8WQoeji. #tsunami pic.twitter.com/bKYRRXuW4W

— NWS Los Angeles (@NWSLosAngeles) January 15, 2022

Another huge surge in the back harbor. Bigger than the first one. #santacruz pic.twitter.com/gzzBmrq9dh

— Tim Cattera Photo (@TimCatteraPhoto) January 15, 2022

Strong surge coming in now from #Tsunami in #RichmondCA at Meeker Slough mouth at the Bay. Highest level yet. Wild. pic.twitter.com/fevg14KZrX

— Kenya Wheeler (@kenyaw) January 15, 2022

Made it to the high ground edge (6 feet+ above high water level) at Meeker Slough meets the SF Bay. Another observer tells me she has seen two surges already. Check the bridge piling for the high water mark from an earlier surge. pic.twitter.com/Vv8O00SLBF

— Kenya Wheeler (@kenyaw) January 15, 2022

So far, business as usual at the Ferry Building, which sits above the expected tsunami surge. High tide in SF is at 9:25. It is probably just my imagination that the bay looks more unsettled this morning. pic.twitter.com/GkkSUSbBgY

— Tim Dawson (@timblor) January 15, 2022

As usual, tsunami looks big in Crescent City, CA–waves still incoming. pic.twitter.com/iD0CSBV84O

— Jackie Caplan-Auerbach (@geophysichick) January 15, 2022

Here is the current look at Half Moon Bay. You can see Pillar Point Harbor Patrol in the distance. #CaWx #California @sanmateoco @SMHarbor @NWSBayArea pic.twitter.com/z5HHnECtTE

— CAL FIRE CZU (@CALFIRECZU) January 15, 2022

#TsunamiAdvisory for #SanFrancisco & #USWestCoast continues. @NWSBayArea reports #tsunami has already resulted in rapid swings up to 3 feet above/below forecast tidal level, or about 6 feet change in 30-60 minute intervals. https://t.co/PDR9BUlsMa #SFwx #CAwx #tongatsunami

— Edie Schaffer, CEM (@sf_edie) January 15, 2022

10 AM | Here are the latest observed tsunami wave heights from along the West Coast of the US. Generally tsunami wave heights have been around 1 foot or less along the Oregon and Washington coast. (1/2) pic.twitter.com/r94If9ODXM

— NWS Portland (@NWSPortland) January 15, 2022

Video from Cassidy Gillin of waves thrashing near the O’Neill lounge in Santa Cruz.

Basic message for the day: don’t be brave. Stay away from the coast @KION546 pic.twitter.com/ieqK9nJ28A

— Victor Guzman KION (@VGuzman_TV) January 15, 2022

From a friend at Santa Cruz Harbor @NWSBayArea @Weather_West pic.twitter.com/ZUgfXcbSxw

— Dylan (@hamilton4391) January 15, 2022

The landing inundated here is 20 steps up. pic.twitter.com/zfU1XUoMhi

— Dustin Mulvaney (@DustinMulvaney) January 15, 2022

This wave climbed up 15 steps higher to the next landing. #CAwx #TsunamiWarning pic.twitter.com/dyRPHjBArP

— Dustin Mulvaney (@DustinMulvaney) January 15, 2022

Current look at Surfer’s Beach in El Granada #CaWx #California Stay on higher ground. @NWSBayArea @SMHarbor pic.twitter.com/MMwkMXXr8R

— CAL FIRE CZU (@CALFIRECZU) January 15, 2022

The scene at the Santa Cruz Harbor as a tsunami generated tidal surge causing damage Saturday morning #TsunamiAdvisory pic.twitter.com/9ijKU9ZVaK

— Vern Fisher (@VFisher45) January 15, 2022

Another surge and it’s now receding once again. Not as high as the first one. #santacruz pic.twitter.com/JIKfhxvZrM

— Tim Cattera Photo (@TimCatteraPhoto) January 15, 2022

SURFERS EVACUATED | A surf competition was canceled and surfers were evacuated from the ocean in Santa Cruz due to the tsunami. https://t.co/8sAslNmUko pic.twitter.com/dmfKkEGzFE

— KSBW Action News 8 (@ksbw) January 15, 2022

Here's the latest observed heights over tidal predictions along the West Coast pic.twitter.com/qj6pcrIS5r

— NWS Eureka (@NWSEureka) January 15, 2022

The tsunami advisory remains in effect.

High tide occurred through the morning, and total water levels are decreasing, lowering risk of coastal flooding, but rapid fluctuating surges of water onto and off of the coast/strong currents will continue thru the remainder of the day. pic.twitter.com/5ylsGGvr0m

— NWS Bay Area (@NWSBayArea) January 15, 2022

#TSUNAMI water is literally draining out of #ventura harbor. @KTLAnewsdesk @KCBSKCALDesk @KEYTNC3 @vcstar @ABC7Desk @WeatherNation @805Weather @Weather_West @NWSLosAngeles pic.twitter.com/Tjccw1k613

— FireOFire (@FireOFire) January 15, 2022

Here are the latest maximum observed wave heights. Highlights for our area include 3.7 feet at both Crescent City and Arena Cove. The advisory continues for the West Coast, stay tuned to the latest updates on the advisory from @NWS_NTWC pic.twitter.com/UYwFWWLGWd

— NWS Eureka (@NWSEureka) January 15, 2022

⁦@Ocean_Networks⁩ #knowtheocean sensors tracked the Tonga tsunami wave as it travelled across 🇨🇦’s offshore lands. Data also provided to ⁦@NOAA tsunami alert system. pic.twitter.com/MMfjvUrM3b

— Dr. Kate Moran (@katemoran) January 15, 2022

Soquel Creek in Santa Cruz flowing *backwards* because of a tsunami 🤯 pic.twitter.com/JxFsllhhdX

— robwormald (@robwormald) January 15, 2022

This is from up Soquel Creek pic.twitter.com/ySRF6Okh8o

— Kristen (@KRice7) January 15, 2022

• 11:03 am 1/15/2022:

#ventura #TsunamiAdvisory #tsunamitonga pic.twitter.com/JqTOqZk9Yf

— MJ (@mbearwoman) January 15, 2022

#TsunamiReport for #Tonga #Tsunami recorded on @NOAA tide gages in #California #TongaTsunami #TongaEruption pic.twitter.com/wV6FThMELO

— Jason "Jay" R. Patton (@patton_cascadia) January 19, 2022

Tsunami surge up the mouth of San Luis Creek at Avila Beach (Port San Luis) #tsunami
(L) Sat. morning Jan 15
(R) Thurs. afternoon Jan 20 pic.twitter.com/XAAnzYK8GH

— Brian Olson (@mrbrianolson) January 21, 2022

Santa Cruz Harbor back on solid footing post-tsunami, but long-term repairs loom https://t.co/uh5iiPMA8j <– Max Chun with the update on @SantaCruzHarbor after Saturday's #tsunami pic.twitter.com/8kryBrCfc5

— Lookout Santa Cruz (@LookoutSCruz) January 21, 2022

From here a resort on Tongatapu.

Don’t do what the videographer here did. This was unsafe and they are incredibly lucky.

Some videos on Youtube:

Santa Cruz

Crescent City

Oregon

Neskowin, Oregon this morning! #tsunamitonga #TSUNAMI pic.twitter.com/YQJjaFL5w1

— retelling•the•recipe (@tiggirltk) January 15, 2022

#tsunami in #DepoeBay pic.twitter.com/aknFfQkRnk

— jim (@jimfromoregon) January 15, 2022

1145 AM Update | The largest waves have spared much of the Oregon Coast so far. Tsunami wave observations so far include…

24 cm (.8 ft) at Charleston, OR
21 cm (.7 ft) at Newport, OR
6 cm (.2 ft) at Astoria, OR
15 cm (.5 ft) at Westport, WA
34 cm (1.1 ft) at La Push, WA

(1/2)

— NWS Portland (@NWSPortland) January 15, 2022

Pacific

Unexpected #Tsunami #HungaTongaHungaHaapai #Tsunami #Tonga #Earthquake pic.twitter.com/p16v9c0zLt

— Journalist Siraj Noorani (@sirajnoorani) January 15, 2022

Stay safe everyone 🇹🇴 pic.twitter.com/OhrrxJmXAW

— Dr Faka’iloatonga Taumoefolau (@sakakimoana) January 15, 2022

The #HungaTongaHungaHaapai eruption is showing up in the tide gauge records at Suva, Apia, Rarotonga and Funafuti. Below is the real time data for the Suva tide gauge. https://t.co/2qBzfVsSJz pic.twitter.com/DXeccmsNw2

— Murray Ford (@mfordNZ) January 15, 2022

Tide gage in American Samoa registering the tsunami created by the Tonga submarine volcanic eruption. Peak amplitude so far is 0.74 meter (~2.5 feet). pic.twitter.com/ATsmnP5clg

— Brian Olson (@mrbrianolson) January 15, 2022

~ 2 Meter #Tsunami in Nuku'alofa, Tonga nach der erneuten heftigen Explosion des Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai Vulkans. Die ersten Wellen haben auch Fidschi erreicht. Ich hoffe, die seit gestern bestehende Tsunami-Warnung wurde ernst genommen https://t.co/akfdQqtrP7 pic.twitter.com/b90hbS4oTW

— Jens Skapski (@JensSkapski) January 15, 2022

For any New Zealand tsunami updates during the Tonga Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai eruption go here: https://t.co/y020MigfFn

— Dr Janine Krippner (@janinekrippner) January 15, 2022

Here are ⁦⁦@BOM_au⁩’s latest observations on the waves #Tonga #tsunami 👇

While a 1m wave might not sound big, tsunami have much longer periods (the time between each wave) than wind waves so even a 1m wave can cause significant damage and flooding! pic.twitter.com/27DoahlJEb

— A/Prof Hannah Power (@DrHannahPower) January 15, 2022

And same @BOM_au #Tonga #tsunami data again for #NorfolkIsland. Lots of waves and some very big ones!

Worth remembering that a #tsunami is more often a series of waves lasting several hours and not just one wave. https://t.co/YH44vAozIG pic.twitter.com/qNmvPc8akD

— A/Prof Hannah Power (@DrHannahPower) January 15, 2022

#TsunamiReport for observations of #Tsunami from Tonga volcanic eruption in #CrescentCity #California

for recommendations and updates head to https://t.co/rEduVE2EDc for more information

the entire west coast of the USA is under a tsunami advisory pic.twitter.com/PJBwLsS7jN

— Jason "Jay" R. Patton (@patton_cascadia) January 15, 2022

The plot shows water level data from Honolulu, Hawaii.

It indicates that the tsunami continues to impact the Hawaiian islands at least 7 hours after initial arrival.

Expect a similar, long duration event along our coast and bays today. pic.twitter.com/LfaS7O8u3A

— NWS Bay Area (@NWSBayArea) January 15, 2022

El Servicio Mareográfico del Instituto de Geofisica de la UNAM, muestra que el puerto de #Manzanillo, #Colima muestra el arribo de las olas del #tsunami. pic.twitter.com/nYPJRck9N2

— Alejandro S. Méndez ⚒️ (@asalmendez) January 15, 2022

Muy buena foto !! Interesante comparar los efectos con lo que observa el mareógrafo. Este indica 40 a 60cm de desviación respecto de valores medios. El tsunami sigue en desarrollo. Gracias !! pic.twitter.com/f4WzPs2sMn

— Luis Donoso (@Geo_Risk) January 15, 2022

16日午前0時半前、津波注意報が出されている高知県土佐清水市の港の映像からは、海面が上下するのにあわせて係留されている船がゆっくりと上下したり左右に揺れたりしている様子が確認できます。https://t.co/5plmIcphz6#nhk_video pic.twitter.com/2spq3znm6c

— NHKニュース (@nhk_news) January 15, 2022

WATCH: Tsunami from Tonga's volcano eruption causes flooding in northern Chile pic.twitter.com/SQ8wtnM06i

— BNO News (@BNONews) January 15, 2022

Small but powerful #tsunami surges reached Currarong Creek on NSW south coast between 7-8am this morning pic.twitter.com/7BteF0fhg2

— Casey Kirchhoff (@gumnut_case) January 15, 2022

😲 this video is pretty crazy.. shows the #Tsunami pushing the water up canals in #Chile 🇨🇱

Shows the power of the ocean..

🎥 @SouthPatriotCL #Tonga #Chili #HungaTonga #HungaTongaHungaHaapai #MotherNature #TsunamiWarning #SouthAmerica pic.twitter.com/FUBzMRws12

— Bryce Campbell🤷🏻‍♂️ (@BCampbell_24) January 15, 2022

🌊 #Tsunami …sea is receding at Playa de Los Molles in the Valparaíso region of #Chile 🇨🇱 in South America 🤯

🎥 @AgenciaQuinta #HungaTongaHungaHaapai #MotherNature #TsunamiWarning #NationalTsunamiWarning #Earthquake #TsunamiAdvisory #SouthAmerica pic.twitter.com/4X0PVMZLtD

— Bryce Campbell🤷🏻‍♂️ (@BCampbell_24) January 15, 2022

Footage from Niue… crazy sea activity at Sir Robert’s Wharf, Alofi Bay following the #HungaTonga volcanic eruption.. 🌊

🎥 @tutakirichards

🇹🇴#Volcano #Tonga #HungaTonga #HungaTongaHungaHaapai #underwater #Tsunami #Oceania #MotherNature pic.twitter.com/Qptj4yf36q

— Bryce Campbell🤷🏻‍♂️ (@BCampbell_24) January 15, 2022

Timelapse video of the #tsunami taken at Mogareeka inlet at 7-7:20am this morning. Tide is rising (flow left to right) but here is what happens as the waves come through. Mogareeka is usually very flat so the effects are amplified ⁦⁦⁦@anuearthscience⁩ ⁦@ourANU⁩ pic.twitter.com/y00Tj1iFb3

— Louis Moresi (@LouisMoresi) January 15, 2022

Urgente Marejadas destruyeron otro muelle en Las Coloradas sector Isla del Rey comuna de Corral, los ríos.
El oleaje arrasó con al menos dos muelles uno que aparentemente sería de acceso público y otro privado, se mantiene alerta de tsunami en la zona.pic.twitter.com/ChYMvIM2wr

— (@EarthquakeChil1) January 15, 2022

A #tsunami is occurring. Tsunami Advisories have been ended for portions of Southcentral and Southeast Alaska- they continue elsewhere. See https://t.co/npoUHxWBas for the latest.
Port San Luis, CA: 4.3 ft
King Cove, AK: 3.3 ft
Crescent City, CA: 3.7 ft
Point Reyes, CA: 2.9 ft pic.twitter.com/HeZJldZlxZ

— NWS Tsunami Alerts (@NWS_NTWC) January 15, 2022

Some first pics coming out of #Tonga post #Tsunami #volcanoEruption This is in the outer islands Pangai, Haapai. Roads ripped up. Seems some of those massive chunks are pieces of the seawall. #tongatsunami #TongaVolcanoEruption
Photos: Haloti Ulufonua, FB pic.twitter.com/QndVbTYtgo

— Josephine Latu-Sanft (@JoLatuSanft) January 16, 2022

https://t.co/Xw7BUtepv4 article with early news about what is happening inside Tonga. Communications are difficult. Tonga volcano: Photos and video give first glimpse of tsunami's impact https://t.co/j5LDZ3B6lP

— Dr. Eric J Fielding, PhD (@EricFielding) January 16, 2022

We knew there would be tragedy associated with this event, but seeing it is dreadful. My thoughts are with the Tongan people. https://t.co/eFSbDYRzWE

— Jackie Caplan-Auerbach (@geophysichick) January 17, 2022

1Hz microbarograph data from the @geoscope_ipgp seismographic station at Tamanrasset, Algeria https://t.co/2UcaNmFzvShttps://t.co/8PeWmn2OxL pic.twitter.com/tVyMeCnWZV

— Anthony Lomax 😷💉🇪🇺🌍 (@ALomaxNet) January 17, 2022

Eruption update: Parts of the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai conjoined island that sat atop the largely underwater volcano could be seen via satellite.

In December, the eruption caused it to expand in size. Just prior to the blast, it shrank again.

Today? It's all but vanished. https://t.co/k5IjZLq5cE

— Dr Robin George Andrews 🌋 (@SquigglyVolcano) January 17, 2022

1/n Lot of damages and very complicated aftermath in Tonga islands.
Hopefully aerial views by New Zealand Defence Force suggest #tsunami height of only few meters and limited inundation distance.
Here Nomuka island 70km NE of Hunga Tonga volcano. Google earth 2016 image follows pic.twitter.com/bUgwtsJ7f8

— Robin Lacassin (@RLacassin) January 18, 2022

Offical announcement from the Government of Tonga. Tragically, 3 people confirmed to have died.

Also, while there are many satellite images coming out showing the awful eruption impact, please be compassionate and considerate to those impacted or awaiting news of loved ones. https://t.co/Vw2SfHEHjh

— Mark Tingay (@CriticalStress_) January 18, 2022

Here is a map depicting damage in the islands of #Tonga from the huge eruption of Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apei #volcano, derived from #sentinel1 #sar data. Our hearts are with the people of Tonga. More information and kml at https://t.co/uxKeZHJ0ix pic.twitter.com/shEl0xOV33

— EOS Remote Sensing (@eos_rs) January 18, 2022

.@patton_cascadia @VolcanoSimon 🤔

Can @CopernicusEU #Sentinel1 wave field and timing tell us any thing about what may have happened underwater around Hunga Tonga ? https://t.co/8yNbj5Lk0x

— DPManchee (@DPManchee) January 19, 2022

#ImageOfTheDay

Three days after the disastrous eruption of the #HungaTonga #volcano, #Tonga is still isolated@CopernicusEMS has been activated

⬇️The effects of the explosion on Nomuka Island are visible when comparing the #Sentinel2 🇪🇺🛰️images of
↙️18 Dec. 2021 ↘️17 Jan. pic.twitter.com/rtrWOXgpC4

— 🇪🇺 DG DEFIS #StrongerTogether (@defis_eu) January 18, 2022

Distance was no barrier to providing critical real-time #tsunami data following Saturday's #TongaEruption. 9000km from this rare underwater #volcano event, our #UVic #knowtheocean sensors informed @NWS_PTWC alerts and will inform future research. Read: https://t.co/FPECte9dP1 pic.twitter.com/DJX6z2pUPp

— Ocean Networks 🇨🇦 (@Ocean_Networks) January 19, 2022

🇹🇴The miracle survival of a 57-year-old disabled man who survived in the ocean for 27 hours after being swept away by a tsunami wave is one of the first astonishing accounts to emerge from Tonga

Thread🧵👇https://t.co/m5uaVTFnoT pic.twitter.com/87n3TUs0T0

— Telegraph World News (@TelegraphWorld) January 20, 2022

This map, based on #alos2 #sar satellite data, shows the devastating impact of the huge #Tonga volcanic eruption. Damaged areas are marked by yellow to red pixels, with red indicating the most damage. More info, GeoTIFF and KMZ files at https://t.co/uxKeZHJ0ix pic.twitter.com/2xSSZeYVbH

— EOS Remote Sensing (@eos_rs) January 23, 2022

https://t.co/A3af1qmJ2w

— Ailsa Naismith (@AilsaNaismith) February 1, 2022

Quite the day at the beach sampling the January 2022 Hunga tsunami deposits- if you squint there are ?3 slightly different grainsize layers here – plus thin black layer of ash near the top, western Tongatapu pic.twitter.com/oZcEPGxeO6

— Shane Cronin (@scronin70) April 6, 2022

Extracting oriented tubes of tsunami deposits will help colleagues figure out deposition histories using 3D magnetic and textural properties- Hunga tsunami deposits – western Tongatapu pic.twitter.com/ojcoi9kiSP

— Shane Cronin (@scronin70) April 6, 2022

Tsunami Modeling

Tonga tsunami, quite impressive that it propagated all the way to stations in the coast of Mexico (Manzanillo over 1.4m) and California… Here is a order one attempt to model this tsunami @geosmx #geoclaw pic.twitter.com/drzz5GMHJK

— angel ruiz (@angelruizangulo) January 15, 2022

Volcano Eruption | Atmospheric Observations

Ash plume extent update for Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai eruption in Tonga.
For more information on volcanic ash go here: https://t.co/AKigF7Zcwy
The health hazards here: https://t.co/30JBdoEpgMhttps://t.co/KSH2fr1tNR

— Dr Janine Krippner (@janinekrippner) January 15, 2022

Truly incredible imagery from the Himawari meso sector of multiple shockwaves from a volcanic eruption on Tonga propagating through what was recently subtropical storm Cody. My back of the napkin math estimates put the shockwave speed somewhere in the vicinity of 500-600 mph. pic.twitter.com/lDyNXFpLbE

— Isaac Schluesche (@SlushyWx) January 15, 2022

Find the eruption. 🌋 pic.twitter.com/0xUWE8spzh

— Brian Brettschneider (@Climatologist49) January 15, 2022

Tonga's Hunga Tonga volcano just had one of the most violent volcano eruptions ever captured on satellite. pic.twitter.com/M2D2j52gNn

— US StormWatch (@US_Stormwatch) January 15, 2022

This volcano eruption is producing some sights we won't see on satellite for a while after. The explosive updraft powers right into the stratosphere, and the warming with height there makes the blob appear warm/shallow. There's also the shockwave and condensation pushing NE pic.twitter.com/6ud79uws9w

— Alex Boreham (@cyclonicwx) January 15, 2022

1.14.2021: Large volcanic eruption near Tonga (Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai volcano) today as seen from outer space. Shown on visible imagery using the Himawari satellite. #hiwx #tsunami #earthquake pic.twitter.com/zOTj6Qu1Wv

— NWSHonolulu (@NWSHonolulu) January 15, 2022

Shock wave from the big eruption of Hunga-Tonga-Hunga-Ha'apai today seen on @raspishake infrasound station in Auckland.

Time on bottom is UTC+8 – add 5 hours to get local time in New Zealand. pic.twitter.com/e6Ns7gLGS7

— Mark Tingay (@CriticalStress_) January 15, 2022

Fantastic #infrasound signals on the Australian IMS arrays from the #Tonga #volcano. Data courtesy of @GeoscienceAus and made available via @IRIS_EPO – these atmospheric waves travel much slower than seismic waves and over an hour separates the signals on mainland Australia. pic.twitter.com/7A8KUZdA22

— Dr. Steven J. Gibbons (@stevenjgibbons) January 15, 2022

The pressure wave from the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai eruption arrived here in Anchorage at 3:30 a.m. AKST. This is exactly 7 hours after the eruption. The volcano is 5,820 miles away (9,360 km). That means it travelled at 830 mph (1,340 kmh). pic.twitter.com/R3rgzAbo6r

— Brian Brettschneider (@Climatologist49) January 15, 2022

Seismogram from Monasavu, Fiji ~800km NW of Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai eruption. Assuming main eruption at ~04h15mUTC, shows P waves, seismic surface waves (Lq, Lr) and oceanic SOFAR acoustic waves (T). Signal from the eruption continues for 2+ hours.https://t.co/etU65z1wyq pic.twitter.com/2PublssOYm

— Anthony Lomax 😷💉🇪🇺🌍 (@ALomaxNet) January 15, 2022

A number of folks have posted similar obs, but here are two pressure traces showing the #HungaTongaHungaHaapai shock wave observed at UNR in Reno and UoU in Salt Lake City this morning. The SLC data seem to show subsequent oscillations (sloshing) in the valley cold pool. #UTwx pic.twitter.com/ekDRXUUrq8

— Neil Lareau (@nplareau) January 15, 2022

A similar pressure bump was observed in Portland, Oregon early this morning as well. See the right hand column in the attached 5 minute data from the Portland Airport. #ThePowerOfTheVolcanoEruption #pdxtst #orwx #wawx https://t.co/ITFTtfbEwM pic.twitter.com/T2dXs2zqf5

— NWS Portland (@NWSPortland) January 15, 2022

Here's the latest eruption. Again ice detectable. This time ash signal appearing. Plume appears to be significantly stronger than the last one. I've set the colour bar and scale to try to highlight the tropospheric and stratospheric portions of the plume (top left plot). pic.twitter.com/zRaFvG2jvJ

— Andy Prata (@andyprata) January 15, 2022

6 hours of infrared satellite in 4 seconds.

You can see the atmospheric shock wave ripple out Pacific-wide after the initial #eruption in #Tonga (quite hard to see but it crosses #Hawaii and #Australia).

People as far away as Southland in #NewZealand reported hearing the booms. pic.twitter.com/a0YHx4Q0q0

— WeatherWatch.co.nz (@WeatherWatchNZ) January 15, 2022

A @planet SkySat image appears to have been acquired ~2 hours *before* the 04:00 UTC 15 Jan 2022 #HungaTongaHungaHaapai. The whole central part of the island was missing, probably blown up in the 14 Jan 2022 explosions. @janinekrippner @SmithsonianGVP @rsimmon pic.twitter.com/5Vtuu1fOvV

— Raphael Grandin (@RaphaelGrandin) January 15, 2022

#Tonga 🇹🇴🌋

Antes y después #HungaTongaHungaHaapai

Una reciente imagen tomada por los satélites de #SkySat propiedad de Planet Labs. muestra que el corredor de tierra que existía desde 2014 entre las islas desapareció después de las erupciones cataclísmicas de ayer. pic.twitter.com/2fM8rwNPZS

— Alejandro S. Méndez ⚒️ (@asalmendez) January 15, 2022

That map, created with April 2016 data from the R/V Falkor, showed details of the overall volcanic edifice. Measured on this quick Google Earth overlay, the diameter of the caldera rim is ~6 km. Recent eruptions have been on the N and NE sides. Red * is 2009 vent. pic.twitter.com/oPdKMR44G3

— Global Volcanism Program (@SmithsonianGVP) January 15, 2022

We now have some one-minute infrared imagery of the ongoing eruption, via GOES-17. pic.twitter.com/ZxdhVqxWqU

— Dakota Smith (@weatherdak) January 15, 2022

Jumping on board pressure perturbation Twitter to share this animation of @okmesonet pressure data. Several pressure waves created by the Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha'apai volcano eruption in Tonga passed from southwest to northeast across Oklahoma between 7 and 9 AM CST this morning. pic.twitter.com/aBpRXNbNeX

— Tim Supinie (@plustssn) January 15, 2022

Shockwave from the #HungaTongaHungaHaʻapai eruption visible as an abrupt pressure change across the @UVicSEOS Climate Network at about 4 a.m. this morning https://t.co/J6FhLuG6C6 @edwiebe @AJWVictoriaBC @UVicScience pic.twitter.com/LIowFgAssj

— Dr. Edwin Nissen (@faulty_data) January 15, 2022

A Planet SkySat captured an image of Hunga-Tonga Hunga-Ha’apai today at 2:25 UTC, just two hours before its violent eruption that triggered a tsunami.

Read @tanyaofmars' latest blog for more details on our monitoring of the volcano: https://t.co/8MdAAnopeK pic.twitter.com/RG68ADVSEV

— Planet (@planet) January 15, 2022

Tonga tsunami is arriving at BC! Last twelve hours of seafloor pressure data show: Series of waves, starting to arrive at @Ocean_Networks stations at 8:22 PST, and at the west coast about 9 AM PST. Height about 5 cm offshore. Coastal currents probably a bigger issue. #BCTsunami pic.twitter.com/VpEzXymHB3

— Martin Scherwath (@mscherwath) January 15, 2022

1-min CG lightning plot of #Tonga eruption pic.twitter.com/Dt0exOhvG7

— William Churchill (@ChurchillWx) January 15, 2022

Tonga Volcano eruption heard from Lakeba, Fiji 😢🇹🇴 #TongaVolcano pic.twitter.com/qc9ISL25QX

— Portia Dugu (@portiajessene) January 15, 2022

Ionospheric total electron content (TEC) perturbations derived from a GNSS site on Samoa from the Hunga Tonga eruption were not small to say the least @IGSorg pic.twitter.com/bMa8MKCZ3o

— Brendan Crowell (@bwcphd) January 15, 2022

Huge volcanic eruption near Tonga. Reports of tsunami there and it's gone pitch black. Lots of lightning too. #tonga pic.twitter.com/Eia4fidPRc

— Rick Threlfall (@RickThrelfall) January 15, 2022

Putting the #Tonga #eruption into perspective. It's an astonishing event.

Link to story/infographics here: https://t.co/HLIzcRI8eMhttps://t.co/Pm2OWgcGPf pic.twitter.com/oUrc71jcJf

— WeatherWatch.co.nz (@WeatherWatchNZ) January 15, 2022

15 minute pressure altimeter change via ASOS NWS/MADIS 5 minute interval data. Shows the shockwave from the #Tongaeruption , feel free to use as you wish. pic.twitter.com/P31Aq1SYku

— daryl herzmann (@akrherz) January 15, 2022

Longwave infrared channel via #GOESWest of the #Tonga eruption.. one of the most incredible satellite animations I've ever seen. The relative warmth of the ash cloud atop the very cold tropospheric convective anvil. Waves upon waves. Simply incredible. pic.twitter.com/MoBcIxkblW

— William Churchill (@ChurchillWx) January 15, 2022

New data alert 🚨 We just overflew Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai volcano with #Sentinel1 🛰️🌋 The datatake didn't include #Tonga main island, where I desperately hope everyone is safe 🇹🇴❤️‍🩹Here's our last 3 passes over the volcano… pic.twitter.com/KD39030U5S

— Thomas Ormston (@ThomasOrmston) January 15, 2022

＜トンガの火山噴火の衝撃波か＞
今日15日(土)の20時から21時過ぎにかけて、日本全国で一時的な気圧変化が見られました。火山島フンガトンガ・フンガハアパイが午後に噴火した時の衝撃波が到達した可能性があります。https://t.co/p4ofQT1pC8 pic.twitter.com/yEVBFzVxCH

— ウェザーニュース (@wni_jp) January 15, 2022

The evolution of the volcanic island of Hunga Tonga over time, with the last image having been taken just two hours before the massive eruption last night. Curious to see the scene after that… Images from Google Earth and @planet. pic.twitter.com/lOmca4Du7I

— Alex Spahn (@spahn711) January 15, 2022

This is the most incredible #lightning loop that I have ever put together. #HongaTongaHungaHaapai #HungaTonga #Volcano eruption today with nearly 400k lightning events in just a few hours! pic.twitter.com/xqW70NLeVd

— Chris Vagasky (@COweatherman) January 15, 2022

Looks to me like we see the seismic signal from the Tonga eruption at Weston, MA and Westport, CT.
The spectrum shows signal at <0.06 Hz (>17 sec) & at 0.1 to 0.2 Hz (5 to 10 sec), which fits for ocean & continental Rayleigh waves.@jpulli @stevenjgibbons @KaseyAderhold pic.twitter.com/hJZJvO59PM

— Alan Kafka (@Weston_Quakes) January 15, 2022

Is it possible that we see pressure changes in Slovakia too? Graphs time UTC+1. pic.twitter.com/jD0gy3iflc

— Blažej Krajňák (@BlazejKrajnak) January 15, 2022

Before and after photos show that the island of Hunga Tonga and Hunga Ha'apai is essentially gone following the explosive eruption of the volcano last night. https://t.co/6GvI5nNGV2 pic.twitter.com/wEjBhfmWFZ

— Kaylan Patel (@WxPatel) January 15, 2022

If this estimation is correct, this is huge!!! https://t.co/7VKIsj5ovQ pic.twitter.com/NM5qeqeccB

— Sarah Lambart (@Sarah_Lambart) January 15, 2022

A lot of talk about just how big the eruption at Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai was. It might be awhile before we know & we don't know if there is more to come. Questions abound about what caused the tsunami, why the eruption was so explosive, etc https://t.co/oXas1XevjC @DiscoverMag

— Dr. Erik Klemetti Gonzalez (@eruptionsblog) January 15, 2022

With latest satellite imagery, we get a step closer to understand what happen with Hunga #Tonga leading to this ocean-wide #tsunami.

Latest @sentinel_hub imagery shows the loss of a majority of the volcano's emerged landmass. However, most of its structure lies underwater. pic.twitter.com/odz5VcNphl

— Andreas Schäfer (@DrAndreasS) January 15, 2022

The first #stratospheric #volcanic #eruption of 2022, at #HungaTongaHungaHaapai (#Tonga) on Jan 13-14. #Sentinel5P #TROPOMI & @NASA's Aura/OMI both measure ~0.05 Tg SO₂ in the #volcanic cloud – not enough for #climate impacts. @CopernicusEU @NASAEarth @volcanessa @MetService pic.twitter.com/f9tx76Z4Ow

— Prof. Simon Carn (@simoncarn) January 15, 2022

Here’s a seismic record section of the Tonga volcanic eruption that’s causing the tsunami in the Pacific basin (h/t NEIC) pic.twitter.com/sljldhPFmh

— Bill Barnhart (@SeismoSARus) January 15, 2022

Atmospheric wave response to Tonga eruption, from 4 UTC to 10:50 UTC. Slightly smoothed 10-minute change in GOES-17 band 13 (IR). Looks like some modest filtering would pull out a really clear signal. pic.twitter.com/CHZY7iv4HH

— Dr. Mathew Barlow (@MathewABarlow) January 16, 2022

There are a lot of questions about VEI (Volcano Explosivity Index). I recognize that the want to compare this eruption is there, but there is so much information that we simply do not have.
More important is how the people of Tonga are and is this over? We do not know. https://t.co/YiJ4vahkPu

— Dr Janine Krippner (@janinekrippner) January 16, 2022

Pressure wave #2 passed here last night at about 11 p.m. This is the wave travelling from the opposite direction. Still had an impressive magnitude. pic.twitter.com/1fG4aKhWqs

— Brian Brettschneider (@Climatologist49) January 16, 2022

Trying to understand why the weather stations at Stornaway on the Outer Hebrides measured the blast before us. Basically because the blast came from the north. Unbelievably the shortest distance between here and the South Pacific is over the North Pole. 🤯 #TongaVolcanoEruption pic.twitter.com/6MdZVJ4VWI

— Dr David Boyce (@DrDavidBoyce) January 15, 2022

GNSS recordings (cm) at the IGS station TONG on the Tonga island by PRIDE PPP-AR (https://t.co/JOTbaSVeRq) during the Hunga Tonga volcano eruption on Jan 15, 2022. pic.twitter.com/tkNJd2mceC

— Jianghui Geng (@GengJianghui) January 16, 2022

It appears that there is some minor activity ongoing at Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai, as expected. This is based purely on satellite data. No volcanic lightning detected.https://t.co/13uhR0353u

— Dr Janine Krippner (@janinekrippner) January 17, 2022

Why does it take awhile to get satellite images of what's going on in #Tonga?

We have to wait for satellites to fly over, or redirect them. Also, they "see" in different wavelengths, so night, clouds, and ash can obscure the view.

But we should have updates soon! https://t.co/hWpCN8fe4R

— Dr. Judith Hubbard (@JudithGeology) January 17, 2022

In Germany two main air pressure waves from the #Tonga eruption could be detection: The first wave traveled from north to south, while the second wave moved from south to north. The reason might be explained by the animation below, where I visualized an outgoing circular wave… pic.twitter.com/B57uRyy3ik

— StefFun (@StefFun) January 16, 2022

A news story about Tonga. Most of the news in the U.S. is very American-centric, so you have to poke around the int’l news scene to get any news about Tonga.https://t.co/GXZlAIlsrQ

— Pete R. Girguis (@pgirguis) January 16, 2022

Displacements measured at GPS/GNSS station TONG in Tonga about 70 km from #HungaTongaHungaHaapai shows large motion over about 10 minutes that returns close to previous position. Some kind of shock wave or seismic wave, probably. https://t.co/7Bpq2U8GsN

— Dr. Eric J Fielding, PhD (@EricFielding) January 16, 2022

Copernicus Sentinel-1A radar imaged #HungaTongaHungaHaapai on 15 January 2022 after major eruption. Most of two islands and entire new cone was blown away, along with reef south of underwater caldera. @googleearth Engine HV radar polarization animation Aug-Jan by @TheHandwerger pic.twitter.com/gwnA52Q12e

— Dr. Eric J Fielding, PhD (@EricFielding) January 17, 2022

So the Hunga Tonga and Hunga Ha'apai were two separate islands before an eruption in 2014-15, and they split up before the violent eruption last Saturday. And now, very little of the two islands are left. pic.twitter.com/5G7Zy3n0td

— Annie Lau (@AYAnnieLau) January 17, 2022

SNPP/OMPS limb-profiler (OMPS-LP) aerosol vertical profiles from Jan 16 shown below captured the stratospheric #volcanic aerosol cloud reaching altitudes up to ~30 km (in same location as the highest SO₂ columns). h/t @NASAGoddard Ozone & Air Quality teamhttps://t.co/PBUPJCgEtJ pic.twitter.com/3eNIwouCfs

— Prof. Simon Carn (@simoncarn) January 17, 2022

Don't know if anyone has plottet something similar already.
Here is the pressure wave from the #HungaTongaHungaHaapai eruption in the infrasound section. The wave taking the path the other way around Earth is also clearly visible a few hours later.
Dashes: speed of sound#Tonga pic.twitter.com/ukkm1AXZCx

— Felix Eckel (@FelixEckel) January 16, 2022

A THIRD pressure anomaly associated with the #TongaVolcano passed through #Miami on Sunday evening… the timing means that it was the first wave making a full trip around the globe! Absolutely mind-blowing power. pic.twitter.com/lpW9FY97Mw

— Brian McNoldy (@BMcNoldy) January 17, 2022

Sure looks like we got a fourth passage of the Hunga Tonga – Hunga Ha'apai eruption shockwave in Utah. Timing is spot-on and signal is similar to previous passages. Interesting for sure but worried for the people of Tonga. pic.twitter.com/ZzZzTrIJcH

— Michael Bunds (@cataclasite) January 17, 2022

Revisiting the Tonga volcanic shockwave: Here's the latest Eureka barograph showing the 1st shockwave, another distinctive shockwave just after midnight Sat night (the other side of the initial shockwave), & another possible shockwave just after noon today. #CAwx #Tongaeruption pic.twitter.com/c4bXjPcZrY

— NWS Eureka (@NWSEureka) January 18, 2022

I’ve tried to annotate this here to help folks understand what it shows. pic.twitter.com/lCtuc4svaS

— Mark Tingay (@CriticalStress_) January 18, 2022

The @EOS_SG blog post on the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai eruption is up! Featuring the infrasound signal from the eruption as recorded in Singapore https://t.co/YMD56WZpqY

— Anna Perttu (@InfraSaurus) January 18, 2022

I took a quick dive into the science of the volcanic eruption in Tonga. It was an extraordinary event that will keep researchers busy for a while… #TongaVolcano https://t.co/K0K3aQUv3s

— Henry Fountain (@henryfountain) January 19, 2022

#HungaTonga #HungaTongaHungaHaapai #volcano #eruption effect on the #atmosphere thermal structure
❄️cooling of the upper #troposphere by some degrees and 🔥warming the lower #stratosphere
the #tropopause pushed up by 600m in a 10°x15° area and by more then 1km locally pic.twitter.com/l1oHod0Apz

— Riccardo Biondi (@Richi_Biondi) January 19, 2022

Pressure waves from #HungaTongaHungaHaapai have travelled 3 times around the globe as of this morning. This pressure graph is from Iceland. It shows 6 peaks rather than just 3 because.. 1/n pic.twitter.com/W4WMOYswSV

— Dr. Evgenia Ilyinskaya (@EIlyinskaya) January 19, 2022

Can we use the infrasound recordings of the #HungaTongaHungaHaapai eruption to estimate origin time and average sound velocity?

Let's try with a semblance approach of the first arrival. Traces are time corrected for distance and velocity and stacked. pic.twitter.com/vjiqFLvmNm

— Felix Eckel (@FelixEckel) January 20, 2022

Garvin et al. (2018) Fig.3 https://t.co/2MPkw4AGRe にある海底地形図をSentinel-2の衛星写真にジオリファレンスしてみた。黄色塗りつぶし箇所: 噴火後の島(17-Jan.) 黄色点線箇所: 噴火前の島(2-Jan.) pic.twitter.com/xcUtnVPJYv

— F. IKGM🌏地球科学ニュース速報モード (@geoign) January 20, 2022

.@CopernicusEU @patton_cascadia @BBCAmos @Ifremer_fr @remi_wnd Wooooh !

Looks like #Sentinel1 Wave Mode products also caught the tsunami waves 🧐 – these from @Ifremer_fr XWaves

The power of earth observation. pic.twitter.com/Dz3MCfFvmf

— DPManchee (@DPManchee) January 20, 2022

Almost everything about Tonga's recent volcanic eruption has left scientists scratching their heads, from the sonic boom to the baffling tsunami.

And it all happened from about an hour of volcanic fury.

I dig into the many mysteries @NatGeohttps://t.co/y14NIIzEtk

— Maya Wei-Haas, Ph.D. (@WeiPoints) January 20, 2022

(1/4) #CTBTO continues to analyze data from the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai volcanic eruption. In terms of infrasound technology only, this is the largest event ever recorded by the #IMS infrasound network; much larger than the Chelyabinsk meteor in 2013. pic.twitter.com/T7y9Nk9Rhm

— CTBTO (@CTBTO) January 21, 2022

#Copernicus for #volcano monitoring

The eruption of the #HungaTonga volcano has released large amounts of SO2 into the atmosphere

#Sentinel5P 🇪🇺🛰️captured the journey of the SO2 plume over Australia and the Indian Ocean

⬇️ Data from 15 January (before the 🌋) to 20 January pic.twitter.com/gDGUnilrvh

— Copernicus EU (@CopernicusEU) January 22, 2022

衝撃波による津波，meteotsunamiというようです．今回のトンガの噴火はわからないことだらけです．長い記事ですが興味深いです．https://t.co/eye6fhiq3k

— 遠田晋次 (Shinji Toda) (@EeWkKI8KqQLHUqz) January 22, 2022

Hunga Tonga, les travaux des communautés du pôle Terre solide de @dataterra #TongaVolcanoDataTerra: évolution de la morphologie de l'île volcanique avant et après l'explosion du 15/01 vue par satellite. Destruction de 90 % de l'île. https://t.co/kJhqZjVRtO pic.twitter.com/VM48FaQuMI

— ForM@Ter (@ForMaTerre) January 25, 2022

The low-frequency signal from the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai vulcanic eruption that generated the tsunami (15/01) was well captured by >400 #BMKG broadband seismic stations over the Indonesia region. The vertical record from five selected stations (bandpass filtered 0.01-0.05 Hz): pic.twitter.com/k2D3M6zClL

— Dimas Sianipar (@SianiparDimas) January 27, 2022

Fascinating | Sad Observations

Island nation of #Tonga is completely offline following a #tsunami triggered by a massive volcanic eruption in the Pacific Ocean.

According to @kentikinc data, traffic volumes began to drop around 4:30 UTC (5:30pm local) before finally going to zero at 5:40 UTC (6:40pm local). pic.twitter.com/g4QZilBrd5

— Doug Madory (@DougMadory) January 15, 2022

Tonga shock wave converges and rebounds from antipodal point in North Africa. Faster than other animation because the wave front is harder to see.

EUMETSAT IR data, 18 UTC 15 Jan – 2 UTC 16 Jan, 15-minute differences. pic.twitter.com/b4QHtnpxPd

— Dr. Mathew Barlow (@MathewABarlow) January 17, 2022

Shockwave from Hunga Tonga-Hunga Haʻapai eruption plume, seen by pressure change at UK sites. Wave moves southward down the country 18-20Z 15Jan. The same wave, but travelling the other way around the globe, moves northward up the country 01-03Z 16Jan. @RoostWeather @Silkstiniho pic.twitter.com/2jXaWwyzih

— Will Thurston (@imthursty) January 16, 2022

"The waves are red because of airglow, an aurora-like phenomenon caused by chemical reactions in the upper atmosphere. Airglow is usually too faint to see, but gravity waves from the volcano boosted the reaction rates." https://t.co/nntTFiBOrE https://t.co/qWinu9InSV

— Justice (@Loveon999) January 18, 2022

Tonga volcano : This is shockwave as measured with the IASI satellite mission (temperature perturbation between the day of the eruption and the next day). First time we see this ! pic.twitter.com/7uTCwP3tNP

— cathy clerbaux (@CathyClerbaux) January 19, 2022

Oopps! When a volcano erupts with such intensity in one part of the world and causes an #oilspill 10.000 km away. The Mare Doricum vessel was offloading at La Pampilla (Peru) refinery when the tsunami hit. Now, one of the worst oil disasters in the region. https://t.co/7nBNtWgX01 pic.twitter.com/MVPFGyIFWe

— ᴄʀɪꜱᴛɪɴᴀ ᴠʀɪɴᴄᴇᴀɴᴜ 🌍🛰️ 🇪🇺 (@cavrinceanu) January 21, 2022

First simulation of the atmospheric pressure disturbances generated by the #Tonga volcano explosion compared with observations from different locations. Not bad results for a first guess.@IMEDEA_UIB_CSIC @UIBuniversitat pic.twitter.com/d26wmGiDJY

— Angel Amores (@an_amores) January 21, 2022

Intriguing "halo" visible in @capellaspace radar image of #HungaTongaHungaHaapai submarine volcano. 🧐 Image acquired on 21 Jan. 2022 (03:32 UTC). Possible explanations: a/ submarine topography 🌋🌊 b/ winds & currents 💨 c/ residual heat 🔥 Thread! 🧵 (1/15) pic.twitter.com/tQOJj96lHu

— Raphael Grandin (@RaphaelGrandin) January 25, 2022

Still going… https://t.co/6UCJJulbMh

— Harold Tobin (@Harold_Tobin) January 25, 2022

Gemini Cloudcam Gravity Waves from Earth to Sky Calculus on Vimeo.

.@scronin70 @patton_cascadia Just spotted the Liang et al paper on "Ice tongue calving in Antarctica triggered by the Hunga Tonga volcanic tsunami" https://t.co/Yepu8t7Ahm

Appears @CopernicusEU #Sentinel3 #OCLI also caught the calving event. pic.twitter.com/CNZ2HHQhOR

— DPManchee (@DPManchee) July 14, 2023

Tsunami Webcam Network

Below is an interactive map that displays a network of publicly accessible webcams that could be used to observe tsunami waves.